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Joints (Articulations)
- Site where two or more bones meet
- Joint is the weakest part of the skeleton
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Funtions of the Joints (2)
- Gives movement
- Holds the bones together
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How many bones does and embryo have and how many bones does an adult (over 25) have?
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Longest and shorest bones
- Longest is the femur (thigh)
- Shortest is the stapes (inner ear)
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Two classifications of Joints
Functional and Structural
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Three Fibrous Structural Joints
- Sutures
- Syndesmoses
- Gomphoses
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Synovial Joints
Joints in which the articulating bones are seperated by a fluid-containing joint cavity
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Functional Joints
Based on the about of movement allowed by joint
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Three functional classes of joints
- Synarthroses
- Amphiarthroses
- Diarthroses
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Synarthroses
- Immovable
- Joint is there but no movement
- Ex. Skull joint
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Amphiarthroses
- Slightly movable
- Ex. wrist, ankle
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Diarthroses
- Freely movable, can move all the way around
- Ex. shoulders
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Structural Joints
- Focuses on the material bidning bones together and whether or not a joint cavity is present
- Structure between bone material
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Three structural classifications
- Fibrous
- Carilaginous
- Synovial
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Fibrous
- Three types:
- Sutures
- Syndesmoses
- Gomphoses
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Cartilaginous
Synchondroses and symphyses
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Synovial
Diathroses- completly moveable joint
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Sutures
- A fibrous structure that occurs between the bones of the skull
- Interlocking junctions completely filled with connective tissue fibers, NO HOLES
- Binds bones tightly together but allows room for growth during youth
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Synostoses
When skull bones fuse at middle age
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Syndesmoses
- Bones are connected by a fibrous tissue ligament
- Partial movement
- Ex. the connection between the tibia and fibula and the radius and ulna (for hand)
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Gomphoses
- The beg-in-socket fibrous joint between a tooth and its alveloar socket.
- The fibrous connection is the periodontal ligament
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Synchondroses
- A cartilaginous joint where a bar/plate of hyaline cartilage that unites the bones, tightly packed around.
- Ex. epiphyseal plates of children and joint between the costal cartialge of the first rib and the sternum
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Symphyses
- A cartilaginous joint.
- Hyaline cartilage covers the articulating sureface of the bone and is fused to an interventing pad of fibrocartilage.
- Ex. intervertral joints and the pubic symphysis of the pelvis
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Sunovial Joints
- Those joints in which the articulating bones are separated by a fluid-containing joint cavity
- freely moveable (Diarthroses)
- Ex. all libs joints and most joints of the body
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Synovial Joints all have the following (5)
- Articular cartilage
- Joint cavity
- Articular capsule
- Synovial Fluid
- Reinforcing ligaments
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Bursae
- Ball baring joint to reduce friction
- Flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane containing synovial fluid
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Tendon Sheath
Enlongated bursa that wraps comletely around the tendon
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