Bones

• Center Skeleton.
• Bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

• Attached skeleton.
• Bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulders, and hip

• Longer than they are wide.
• Ex. Humerus

• Cube-shaped bones of the wrist and ankle.
• Bones that from within tendons.
• Ex. patella
• Shorest bone is the stapes

• Thing, flattened, and a big curved.
• Ex. sternum, and most skull bones.

• Bones with complicated shapes.
• Ex. verebrae and hip bones

• Support
• Protections
• Movement
• Mineral Storage
• Blood Cell Formation (hematopoiesis)

Dense outer layer

Honeycomb of trabeculae filled with yellow bone marrow

• Tubular shaft.
• Compact bone that surrounds the medullary cavity (where the yellow bone marrow is)
• Middle part of a long bone.
• Seperates the proximal epiphyses and the distal epiphyses

• Expanded ends of a long bone.
• Exterior is compact bone and interior is spongy bone.

Covers the surface of a joint

• Growth Plate.
• Seperates the diaphysis and the epiphyses

• Double-layered protective membrane.
• Outer layer is dence regular connective tissue.
• Inner osteogenic layer (helps bone grow) is composed of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
• Containes Sharpey's fibers

Identify bone

Delicate membrane covering interal surfaces of bone

In the medullary cavity and all areas of spongy bone

In the diploe (spongy bone) of flat bones and in the head of the femur and humerus.

The structural unit of compact bone

Weight-bearing column-like matrix tubes composed mainly of collagen

Central channel containing blodd vessels and nerves

Channels laying at right angles to the central canal, connecting blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to that of the Haversian Canal. 

Mature bone cells

Small cavities (space) in bone that containe osteocytes

Hairlike canals that connect Lacunae to each other and the central canal

Bone-forming cells

Large cells that resorb and break down bone matrix

• Materials secreted by osteoblast.
• Unmineralized bone matrix composed of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and collagen

Combine with osteoids and form bone

• The process of bone tissue formation
• The formation of the bony skeleton in embryos
• Bone growth untill early adulthood
• Bone thickness, remodeling, and repair (if broken)

• Making the bone Solid.
• Starts at 8 weeks of embryo development

Bone develops from a fibrous membrane

Bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage

• The position of the bone ends after fracture
• The completeness of the break
• The orientation of the bone to the long axis, horizontal, diagnol, veritcal
• Whether or not the bones ends penetrate the skin

Bone fragments into 3 or more pieces (long bones)

Done is crushed (back bone)

Excessive twisting

Epipthysis seperates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate

Broken bone portion is pressed inward (skull, common it kids/toddlers)

Partial break

• Hematoma
• Inernal Callus
• Bony Callus of spongy bone
• Healed Fracture

• Inadequately mineralized bone causing softened weakened bones.
• Improper growth

Causes more bone formation causing abnormal structures