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what does CBC stand for
complete blood count
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which tube or tubes are used in collection of specimen for CBC and what test is done
tubes: lavender , yellow
whole blood hematology cell count and molecular diagnostic testing , blood smears
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safety devices
are now required by law. activated by a one hand thumb mechanism or by pressing against a hard surface.
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sites used when performing venipuncture
the veins most commonly used when performing venipuncture are in the antecubital space of the arm.
median cubital vein: most commonly used
cephalic vein: second most commonly used on the side with the thumb use with obesed patient
basilic vein: last choice located on the little-finger near brachial artery
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what happens when blood is centifuged
the cells pack into the bottom of the tube = sediment
buffy coat: middle layer of white blood cells and platelets
top liquid layer is the: plasma = supernatant
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why would blood be rejected when sent for analysis to the lab
hemolysis
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things that could go wrong when doing venipuncture
- hematomas
- failure to obtain blood
- hematoma
- hemolysis
- excessive bleeding
- neurological problems
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what is the standard of depth of a heel stick on an infant
no deeper than 2mm on medial or lateal plantar surface of the heel of the foot
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what does NCCLS stand for
national committee for clinical laboratory standards
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what is the use of a tourniquet
used to make the vein more prominent and easier to puncture
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what is hematology
the study of the visible cellular components in the bloodstream and bone marrow
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what is coagulation studies
except CLIA-waived protime
blood cultures , and erythrocyte sedimentation rate testing cannot be analyzed by the capillary puncture procedure
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why would one use a butterfly syringe or evacuated method to draw blood
used one very small veins those in the hand or pediatric draws
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facts about bacteria and urine
- bacteria are normally not found in the urine the presence of bacteria could indicate either contamination or a UTI.
- bacteria reproduce rapidly , very tiny , must be viewed on high power , appear rod shaped Bacilli or round shaped Cocci
- WBC
- Yeast
- Parasites
- Sperm
- Mucus
- Artifacts
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when and why would one perform a capillary puncture
when only a small amount of blood is needed
when the patient has burns , skin irritation or small or fragile veins
person with cancer , geriatric or obese patient whose blood can be difficult to draw
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when should capillary puncture should NOT be used
if the test requires a large amount of blood
if the patient has poor peripheral circulation
if interstitial fluid could dilute the test causing inaccurate results
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calcium carbonate or leucine crystals in urine
patients who have severe liver disease
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uric acid crystals in the urine
in patients with leukemia who are receiving chemotherapy and patients with gout
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calcium oxalates in urine
renal calculi
foods high in oxalic acid tomatoes , asparagus and ascorbic acid
acid urine
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which crystals resemble coffin lids
triple phosphate crystals alkaline urine
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red blood cells in urine
hematuria is a abnormal presence of RBCs in the urine. RBCs are round , bioconcave , non nucleated , colorless discs.
if hemolyzed the will not be seen on the microscopic exam.
bleeding , damage to the glomerulus and vascular injury are associated with the presence of RBCs in the urine
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what is quality control
takes place in the analytical phase . it uses samples with known values that are tested along with the patient samples to establish the RELIABILITY , ACCURACY and PRECISION of a specific test
to ensure the test kit or test instrument is producing the correct results consistently
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what is quality assurance
the overall process to aid in improving the reliablity , efficiency and quality of all laboratory test in general.
measures the effectiveness laboratory's policies and procedures in producing and documenting the test results.
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what quality control data should be recorded
the sample results are recorded on a dated log sheet
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qualitative test
testing presence or absence of an analyte
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semiquantitative
determines the appro=ximates quantity of an analyte
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quantitative test
have numerical value
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calibration
the process of setting the instrument's optics to the test reagents or test devices that will be uses
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optics
process of confirming that the light source and light sensor in optical analyzers are working properly
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what is a panel or profile
a series of test associated with a particular organ or disease
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the ratio of dilute of bleach for disinfection work surfaces and or spills
10% bleach
1:10 bleach solution
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biohazard colors
blue: health hazard
red: flammability
yellow: reactivity
white: need for PPE
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weight
gram
G , g , or gm
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Micro-
u or mc
1/1,000,000
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milliter is used to measure
volume of a liquid as known as cubic centimeter
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milligram is use to measure
analytes measured in a liquid such as blood
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different deparment of a lab
specimen collection and processing
hematology
chemistry
immunology/immunohematology
microbiology
pathology
toxicology
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homeostasis
steady state of internal chemical and physical balance
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what is clinitest
is a confirmatory test to determine if other sugars or reducing substances in addition to glucose are present in urine
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what hemolysis
red cell breaking open and releasing hemoglobin
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epithelial cells
lining the vagina
lower portion or male and female urethra
renal pelvis, bladder , caudate
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chemical strip
glucose: 30 seconds not found in urine
bilirubin: 30 seconds not found in urine
ketone: 40 seconds not found in urine
specific gravity: 45 seconds 1.000-1.030
blood: 60 seconds not found in urine
pH: 60 seconds 5.0-8.0
protein: 60 seconds not found in urine
urobili: 60 seconds 0.2-1.0 EU
nitrite: 60 seconds not found in urine
leukocytes: 2 minutes not found in urine
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