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What is the fibrous tunic of the eye composed of?
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What is the function of the cornea?
To bend light
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What is the vascular tunic of the eye composed of?
- Choroid-Areolar CT
- Ciliary body (ciliary muscle-Smooth MT. Ciliary process)
- Iris
- Pupil
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what is the function of the ciliary muscle?
- When relaxed, it pulls on the suspensory ligaments=flat lens
- When it contracts, it releases tension on ligaments=lens is round
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what is the function of the ciliary process?
Secretes aqueous humor
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what is the function of the iris?
Controls diameter of pupil
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What is the nervous (sensory) tunic composed of?
- Retina
- Macula lutea with fovea centralis
- Optic disc (blind spot)
- Optic nerve
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What is the retina composed of?
- Pigmental layer
- Photoreceptor layer which contains:
- Rods-dim light, no colors
- Cones-see colors but need bright light
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what is special about the fovea centralis?
Has greater number of cones anywhere on your retina but no rods
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what is the function of the canal of schlemm?
- "Scleral venous sinus"
- Drains aqueous humor back to blood
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What is part of the external ear?
- Auricle
- External auditory canal with cerumen
- Tympanic membrane
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What is the posterior cavity of the eye filled with?
Vitreous humor
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What does the conjunctiva contain?
Free nerve endings and blood vessels
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what prevents something getting into the back of your eye?
conjunctiva
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what holds the lens in place?
Suspensory ligaments
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what CN works with lateral rectus eye muscles?
CNN 6 Abducens
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What CN works with the superior oblique muscles of the eye?
CNN 4-Trochlear
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What does CNN 3 control?
Medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique
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What are the different extrinsic eye muscles?
- Lateral, medial, inferior and superior rectus
- Inferior and superior oblique
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explain what happens when you cry?
Lacrimal glands secrete tears which drain into the lacrimal puncta which then drains into the nasal cavity
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What type of fluid does the anterior cavity of the eye contain?
Aqueous humor
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What is the posterior cavity filled with?
Aqueous humor
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what is part of the middle ear?
- 3 ossicles
- Opening to Eustachian tube->nasopharynx
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what makes up the ossicles?
Malleus, stapes, incus
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What makes up the internal ear?
- In petrous portion of temporal bone
- Semicurcular canals-anterior, posterior and lateral
- Semicircular ducts
- Vestibule
- Cochlea
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What is the structure of the semicircular canals?
- Contain semicircular ducts
- Each one has an ampulla which contains crista ampullaris which is a bump with hair cells covered with a cupula (huge with no otoliths)
- Cupula moves by moving endolymph
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What is the function of the semicircular canals?
Detect rotational acceleration
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What is the structure of the cochlea?
- Contains a cochlear duct
- Roof of duct is vestibular membrane
- The floor is the basilar membrane
- The roof separates it from scala vestibuli and the floor separates it from scala tympani-these contain perilymph and meet at the helicotrema
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Describe the bony labyrinth of the inner ear
- Filled with perilymph
- Cochlea
- Vestibule
- 3 Semicircular canals (anterior, posterior and lateral)
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describe the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear
- Filled with endolymph
- Cochlear duct
- Utricle and saccule
- 3 Semicircular ducts
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what does the vestibule contain?
utricle and saccule
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what is the function of the cochlear duct
hearing
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what structure(s) is responsible for equilibrium?
vetibule and semicircular canals
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what is the structure of the organ of corti?
- Contains hair cells with stereocilia (stiff microvilli)
- If microvilli are bent, the cell fires!
- Tectorial membrane (gelatinous)
- When cell fires, it communicates signal to sensory neurons. Cell bodies are in spiral ganglion
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what does the stapes do?
Causes vibration of oval window
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what structure absorbs pressure of the sound waves?
Round window
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Describe the structures that deal with equilibrium
- Vestibule-
- Utricle and saccule (goes into cochlea) and each contains a macula (patch of hair cells)
- Macula is covered by otolithic membrane (gelatinous) which contains otoliths of CaCO3
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WHat is the function of the vestibule?
Determine static head position and linear acceleration
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what is the function of the utricle?
Horizontal acceleration (like in the car)
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what is the function of the saccule?
Detects vertical acceleration (Saccule-Sky (up))
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Describe the structure of parotid glands
- Serous acini only
- Looks uniform
- Parotid duct opens at 2nd upper molar
- Parotid gland is near the ear and extends down to the jaw
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Describe the structure of the submandibular gland
- Mostly serous acini
- See nice serous acini surrounded by mucous acini
- Gleeking
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describe the structure of sublingual glands
- Mostly mucous acini
- serous cells don't form clumps
- Open into multiple tiny ducts under the tongue
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what are the extrinsic salivary glands?
Parotid, submandibular, sublingual
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what are the intrinsic salivary glands?
Intrinsic mucous and intrinsic serous glands
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where will you find intrinsic salivary glands?
- Microscopic, buried in walls of the oral cavity
- Also buried deep to papillae of the tongue
- Acini are randomly scattered
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Where will you find serous glands of von Ebner?
drain into the crypts of vallate papillae
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