Goniometry measurement placements

• Position: sitting or supine
• Axis: inferior to the acromion process
• Movable arm: parallel to humerus
• Stationary arm: parallel to the midline fo the trunk

• Position: Sitting or prone
• Axis: inferior to the acromion process
• Movable arm: parallel to humerus
• Stationary arm: parallel to the midline fo the trunk

• Position: Sitting or supine, palm faces up during movement
• Axis: 1.3cm inferior and lateral to coracoid process (put goniometer on back for girls)
• Movable arm: Parallel to the long axis of the humerus
• Stationary arm: parallel to the sternum

• Position: 90 degrees of shoulder abduction, elbow flexed at 90 degrees, palm in anatomical position
• Axis: On the acromion process
• Movable arm: parallel to humerus
• Stationary arm: perpendicular to the trunk

• Position: 90 degrees of shoulder abduction, elbow flexed at 90 degrees, palm in anatomical position
• Axis: On the acromion process
• Movable arm: parallel to humerus
• Stationary arm: perpendicular to the trunk

• Position: Prone, 90 degrees of abduction, elbow flexed at 90 degrees, towel under humerus
• Axis: olecranon process
• Movable arm: parallel to the long axis of the ulna
• Stationary arm: perpendicular to the trunk
• note:  MMT is tested in prone

• Position: Supine, 90 degrees of abduction, elbow flexed at 90 degrees, towel under humerus
• Axis: olecranon process
• Movable arm: parallel to the long axis of the ulna
• Stationary arm: perpendicular to the trunk
• note:  MMT is tested in prone unless they are prone to shoulder dislocations then test in sitting

AG: sitting GE: prone

prone

AG: supine GE: sitting

AG: prone GE: sitting

AG: sitting GE:lying on non test side

AG: sitting GE: lying on non-test side

AG: sitting GE: supine

AG: N/A GE: supine

AG: prone GE: sitting

AG: supine GE: sitting

• AG: prone GE: sitting
• * for someone with history of shoulder dislocations, put in sitting position

AG: prone GE: sitting

• Position: sitting (or supine with towel under humerus)
• Axis: Lateral epicondyle of the elbow
• Moveable arm: parallel to the long axis of the radius
• Stationary arm: parallel to the long axis of the humerus

• Position: sitting (or supine with towel under humerus)
• Axis: Lateral epicondyle of the elbow
• Moveable arm: parallel to the long axis of the radius
• Stationary arm: parallel to the long axis of the humerus

• Position: Sitting, elbow flexed to 90, forearm in neutral holding a pencil
• Axis: head of the third metacarpal
• Moveable arm: parallel to the pencil
• Stationary arm: perpendicular to the floor

• Position: Sitting, elbow flexed to 90, forearm in neutral holding a pencil
• Axis: head of the third metacarpal
• Moveable arm: parallel to the pencil
• Stationary arm: perpendicular to the floor

AG: sitting GE: shoulder at 90 degrees of abduction

AG: Prone, shoulder at 90 degrees of abduction  GE: Shoulder at 90 of abduction

AG: sitting, elbow at 90 degrees flexion GE: shoulder at 90 degrees of flexion, elbow at 90 degrees of flexion

AG: sitting, elbow at 90 degrees flexion GE: shoulder at 90 degrees of flexion, elbow at 90 degrees of flexion

• Position: sitting, forearm on table pronated (?)
• Axis: lateral to ulnar styloid process
• Moveable arm: parallel to the long axis of the fifth metacarpal
• Stationary arm: parallel to the long axis of the ulna

• Position: sitting, forearm on table pronated
• Axis: lateral to ulnar styloid process
• Moveable arm: parallel to the long axis of the fifth metacarpal
• Stationary arm: parallel to the long axis of the ulna

• Position: sitting, forearm on table pronated
• Axis: dorsal aspect of wrist over capitate bone
• Moveable arm: Parallel to the long axis of the third metacarpal
• Stationary arm: Midline of the forearm
• *note: no MMT in lab manual

• Position: sitting, forearm on table pronated
• Axis: dorsal aspect of wrist over capitate bone
• Moveable arm: Parallel to the long axis of the third metacarpal
• Stationary arm: Midline of the forearm
• *note: no MMT in lab manual

AG: sitting, forearm on table supinated GE: sitting, forearm on table, wrist extended

AG: sitting, forearm on table pronated GE: sitting, forearm on table, wrist slightly flexed

• Position: sitting, forearm resting on table, wrist slightly extended
• Axis: dorsal aspect of MCP joint being measured
• Moveable arm: parallel to the proximal phalanx
• Stationary arm: parallel to long axis of metacarpal

• Position: sitting, forearm resting on table, wrist slightly flexed
• Axis: volar aspect of MCP joint being measured
• Moveable arm: parallel to the proximal phalanx
• Stationary arm: parallel to long axis of metacarpal

• Position: hand resting on table
• Axis: dorsal aspect of MCP joint being measured
• Moveable arm: parallel to the proximal phalanx
• Stationary arm: parallel to the long axis of the metacarpal

• Position: sitting, forearm resting on table in neutral, wrist and fingers extended
• Axis: over joint being measured (dorsal surface for flexion, volar for extension)
• Moveable arm: parallel to long axis of phalanx
• Stationary arm: parallel to long axis of phalanx

Forearm supinated on table

Forearm supinated on table

• Hand resting on table in pronated position
• * note forearm supinated for 5th digit abduction to see abductor digiti minimi

Hand resting on table in pronated position

AG: forearm on table in pronation, MP and IP joints flexed GE: forearm in neutral, fingers flexed

Forearm supinated on table, MP joints extended, IP joints flexed, put pressure against finger nails

• Position: sitting, elbow flexed, forearm
• in midposition and resting on table wrist
• in slight ulnar deviation, thumb maintains contact with metacarpal and proximal phalanx of index finger
• Axis: volar surface over CM joint
• Moveable arm: parallel to the thumb metacarpal
• Stationary arm: parallel to the long axis of the radius

• Position: sitting, elbow flexed,
• forearm resting on table in midposition, wrist and fingers extended
• Axis: lateral over the joint being measured
• Moveable arm: parallel to the phalanx
• Stationary arm: parallel to the phalanx

• Position: sitting, forearm in middle position resting on table, thumb adducted
• Axis: at the junction of the bases of the first and second metacarpals
• Moveable arm: parallel to the first (thumb) metacarpal
• Stationary arm: parallel to the second metacarpal

Use a tape measure to measure tip to tip

Forearm in midposition, slight wrist flexion, MP and IP flexion

Forearm supinated on table, MP and IP joints extended

Forearm supinated, thumb adducted

Forearm pronated, MP and IP joints extended

Forearm supinated wrist in neutral, thumb adducted and extended

• Positon: supine, knee flexed through movement
• Axis: lateral over the greater trochanter
• Moveable arm: parallel to the femur
• Stationary arm: parallel to the midline of the trunk

• Position: prone, strapped down over pelvis, feet off plinth (knee doesn't flex during movement)
• Axis: lateral over the greater trochanter
• Moveable arm: parallel to the femur
• Stationary arm: parallel to the midline of the trunk

• Position: supine, non test leg on chair to side
• Axis: ASIS
• Moveable arm: parallel to the femur
• Stationary arm: along line between two ASIS

• Position: supine
• Axis: ASIS
• Moveable arm: parallel to the femur
• Stationary arm: along line between two ASIS

• Position: sitting, hip flexed to 90, towel under knee
• Axis: mid point of the patella
• Moveable arm: parallel to tibia
• Stationary arm: perpendicular to the floor
• *hint watch the way the femur rotates

AG: sitting GE: side lying on non-test side

AG: prone GE: side lying non-test side

AG: side lying non-test GE: supine

AG: N/A GE: supine with resistance

• Position: supine, towel under thigh
• Axis: lateral epicondyle of femur
• Moveable arm: parallel to fibula
• Stationary arm: parallel to femur

• Position: sitting foot supported in neutral, towel under knee
• Axis: inferior to lateral malleolus
• Moveable arm: parallel to fifth metatarsal
• Stationary arm: parallel to fibula

• Position: supine, towel under knee
• Axis: board method - place board along bottom of foot, draw neutral line, invert or evert then draw another line.  Measure the small angle. 

• Position: sitting, foot supported
• Axis: dorsum of first metatarsal
• Moveable arm: parallel to proximal phalanx
• Stationary arm: parallel to first metatarsal

• Position: sitting, foot supported
• Axis: dorsum of IP
• Moveable arm: parallel to distal phalanx
• Stationary arm: parallel to proximal phalanx

• Position: sitting, foot supported
• Axis: dorsum over joint being measured
• Moveable arm: parallel to the proximal phalanx of joint being measured
• Stationary arm: parallel to metatarsal

AG: prone GE: side lying on non-test side

AG: sitting GE: side-lying non test side

AG: prone GE: side lying test side

Note: add inversion to movement to focus on tib anterior and posterior

AG: sitting GE: side lying test side

AG: side lying on non-test side GE: supine, heel over plinth

Done in gravity eliminated, apply resistance to determine 4 and 5. 

• OB Goniometer - in sitting, place dial on side of head
• Tape measure - measure distance between tip of chin to suprasternal notch

• OB goniometer - in sitting, place dial on forehead
• Tape measure - measure from mastoid process to acromion process

OB goniometer - strap across top of head and around, put dial on top of head

• OB Goniometer: Place strap 10cm above S2, dial on lateral side. 
• Tape Measure: Mark S2 and C7, measure between.  Measure distance when person bends forward from S2 to C7, subtract the difference.

Mark 10cm above S2, measure distance between S2 and mark in flexion.  Subtract 10cm. 

• Position: standing with OB, prone with tape measure
• OB: place strap 10cm above S2, place dial on the side
• Tape Measure: Strap client over pelvis to plinth, with hands positioned at shoulder level.  Extend trunk, measure distance from suprasternal notch to plinth. 

• Position: Standing
• OB: Place strap 10cm above S2, dial on the front of body
• Tape Measure: Measure the distance from tip of D3 to floor

Arms folded across chest, strap around, OB goniometer on top

• Supine, pillow under head, do not stabilize feet
• 1- flicker
• 2- tilt of pelvis, head and scapula off plinth
• 3- sit up with arms at sides (controlled)
• 4- sit up with arms folded across chest
• 5-sit up with hand at ears

• Prone, strapped down at pelvis, stabilize above ankle
• 1- flicker
• 2- sternum off plinth
• 3- arms at sides lift xiphoid process off plinth
• 4- arms folded across back, xiphoid process off plinth
• 5- arms at side of head, xiphoid process off plinth

• Sitting then prone
• 1- flicker
• 2- able to rotate to either side
• 3- half curl up with arms at sides
• 4- half curl up with arms folded across chest
• 5- half curl up with hands by ears
• **note if the person is curling up to the right, place one hand on right side above hip, and other hand on left side below ribs

DONT DO IT!