Urinary System

• Production and storage of urine – the means by which nitrogenous and other wastes are rid from the body
• Regulation of blood volume and blood pressure
• Regulation of RBC production – by means of hormones released from the kidneys

• kidneys
• ureters
• urinary bladder
• urethra

• (2)  surrounded by fibrous or renal capsule on the surface =          
•       dense irregular connective tissue
• (3)  adipose capsule of perinephric (or perirenal) fat
• (4)  renal fascia – dense irregular connective tissue
• (5)  paranephric (or pararenal) fat between the renal  
•        fascia and the peritoneum
• (6)  on the anterior surface, the paranephric fat contacts              
•         the parietal peritoneum

• 1.Urine travels from renal pyramid
• 2. Renal papilla
• 3. Minor calyx
• 4. Major calyx
• 5. Renal pelvis
• 6. Ureter
• 7. Urinary bladder
• 8. Urethra
• 9. Outside of the body

• 1. Abdominal Aorta
• 2. Renal Artery
• 3. Segmented Artery
• 4. Interlobar Arteries starting at renal sinus
• 5. Arcuate Artery
• 6. Interlobar Artery (to microcirculation)
•     a. Afferent arteriole
•     b. Glomerulus
•     c. Efferent arteriole
•     d. Peritubular capillaries or Vasa Recta
• 7. Interlobular Vein
• 8. Arcuate Vein
• 9. Interlobar Vein
• 10. Renal Vein
• 11. Inferior Vena Cava

• Motor:
• Parasympathetic:  Vagus nerve: no known function
• Sympathetic:
• Controls diameter of kidney arterioles
• May stimulate hormone release
• Sensory:
• Pain

• 1. Filtration
• 2. Reabsorption
• 3. Secretion

• Process by which water, solutes, wastes, ions, and nutrients
• pass from the blood plasma to the capsular space of the renal corpuscle; because of pressure differneces across the filtration membrane

Reabsorption in the kidneys is the movement of water, nutrients, and ions (as needed) back into the renul tubules

Secretion is the selective on last look at blood, excesses, waste, and (mictorion) (what goes in the toilet basically)

• Tubular components  
• Vascular components

• glomerular capsule
• proximal convoluted tubules
• nephron loop
• distal convoluted tubules

• 1. Interlobular artery
• 2. Afferent arterioles
• 3. Glomerulus
• 4. Efferent arterioles
• 5. Peritubular capillaries or Vasa Recta

• Peritubular capillaries are associated with convoluted tubules
• Vasa recta are associated with the nephron loop

• Glomerulus
• Glomerular capsule (Bowman capsule) which has 2 layers
•     and a space
• 1. visceral layer (inner) that surrounds the glomerulus
• 2. parietal layer (outer) formed from a simple squamous
•     epithelium
• 3. capsular space that is between the inner and outer layer

• Renal corpuscle 
• (where blood tube and pee tubes come together)

• Physics:
• the afferent arteriole is much larger than the efferent arteriole

• -capillaries are fenestrated in the glomerulus 
• -and the spaces between the inner layer and cells of the Bowman's capsule to allow for filtration
• -lot of surface area

• Starts as it is coming out of the glomerulus
• Ends at the beginning of the collecting ducts
• After that it is called urine

• 1. Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
• 2. Nephron Loop or Loop of Henley made up of first the
•     descending limb and then the ascending limb
• 3. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
• 4. Collecting Duct
•     (done with everything except water which can be pulled back in by osmosis)

• 1. Renal papilla
• 2. Minor calyx
• 3. Major calyx 
• 4. Renal pelvis
• 5. Ureter
• 6. Urinary bladder
• 7. Urethra

• 1. Peritubular capillaries
• 2. Vasa Recta
• both are low pressure and porous
• Are responsible the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste materials within the kidney

Cortex of the kidney

Medulla of the kidney

• Aorta
• Abdominal Aorta
• Renal arteries
• Up to 5 segmental arteries
• Interlobular arteries
• Afferent arterioles
• Renal corpuscle & forms a capillary network called Glomerulus
• Efferent arterioles (branches into capillary networks)

• 1. Efferent arterioles
• 2. Capillary beds (Peritubular capillaries & Vasa recta)
• 3. Network of Veins
• 4. Interlobular Veins-travel beside interlobular arteries
• 5. Arcuate Veins
• 6. Interlobular veins-through renal columns to renal sinus
• 7. Renal Vein- formed by interlobular veins merging in renal sinus
• 8. Inferior Vena Cava