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Humans Herpesviruses Type 1(HHV1)--colds sores and fever blisters?
- A) Transmission
- -Direct Contact
- B) Symptoms
- -Painful, itchy skin lesions, usually on or around the lips; may be accompained by flu-like symptoms (malaise, fever, muscle pain)
- D) Treatment
- - Antiviral med limits duration of outbreak and amount of virus shed, but does not cure.
- E) Prevention
- - Avoid contact with individuals who have active lesions
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HHV 2--Genital herpes?
- A) Transmission
- - Dircet contact
- B) Symptoms
- - Painful, itchy skin lesions, usually inthe genitalia
- C) May occur in oral area, usually as result of oral sex
- D) Treatment
- - Antiviral med limits duraton of outbreak and amount of virus shed, but does not cure.
- E) Prevention
- - Avoid contact with individuals who have active lesions; prevent sexual transmission via monogamy, abstinence. Sexuak transmisson reduce by abstention from sex during active outbreak.
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HHV 3--Chickenpox/shingles?
- A) Overall
- - Varicella= Chickenpox
- - Zoster= Shigles
- B) Transmission
- - Aerosol or contact with fluid in lesions (may enter eyes).
- C) Symptoms
- - Chickenpox- Fever, malaise, itchy skin lesions. Lesions apper about 2-3 weeks after infection, last few days to 2 weeks. Lesions begin as macules, progress to papules, then vesicles; vesicles then turn cloudy and dry up.
- D) Virus can be latent in neurons; shingles- during stress or immune suppression, virus particles released and travel to skin, cause infection---> shingles. (1) Shingles- pain at site followed by rash, vesicles; Pain in area can remain for long times after healing of lesions. Rash may break out on one side of trunk, in area served by the affected neurons.
- E) Treatment
- - Chickenpox- if not complications. supportive care is enough.
- - Shingles- supporive care and bed rest.
- F) Prevention
- - Chickenpox vaccine
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Common Cold Viruses?
- 2. Transmission
- - Aersol, fomites (these viruses survive will outside host), ingestion of contaminated food or water.
- 3. Symptoms
- -Runny nose, pharngitis, cough, headache.
- 4. Treatment
- - Supportive care
- 7. Viral pnuemonia
- a) Many possible causes
- c) Treatment
- - Supportive care, antiviral medication may be used; antibiotics NOT effective against the viruses.
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Paillonma viruses?
- 1. Cause warts, some tumor cancers (HPV= Human Papilloma Virus)
- 4. Transmission
- - Direct contact and via fomites
- - Genital warts by sexual transmission
- 5. Symptoms
- - epithelial growths, often painful
- - depending on manner of transmission, may occur on fingers, feet, trunk, genitalia.
- 7. Treatmen
- - removal with caustic chemicals, freezing, cauterization or surgery; cover with duct tape until gone.
- 8. Prevention
- - Genital warts/HPV cancer: Abstinence, monogamy, HPV vaccine.
- - Condom use does not seem to be very effective
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Influenza?
- 4. Transmission
- - Aerosol or via fomites
- 5. Symptoms
- - Fever, cold, cough, headache, malaise, myalgia (muscle aches0, inflamed respiratory membs.
- 6. Treatment
- - Supportive care, mostly; antiviral meds may be used
- 7. Prevention
- - Yearly vaccine (due to rapid mutation rate of these viruses, the vaccine has to be re-done every year)
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Measles?
- 2. Transmission
- - Aerosol
- 3. Symptoms
- - Fever, sore throat, dry cough, conjunctivitis; after 2 days, lesions apper on mucous membrane of mouth; then red, raised lesions appear on head and spread over body.
- 4. Treatment
- -Rest, supportive care
- 5. Prevention
- - Vaccine (first "M" of MMR vaccine)
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Mumps?
- 2. Transmission
- - aerosol
- 3. Symptoms
- - Often asymptomatic
- - Fever, pain with swalloning, enlargement of salivary glands, esp. parotid.
- 4. Treatment
- - Rest, supportive care
- 5. Prevention
- - Vaccine (second "M" of MMR vaccine)
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Rubella?
- 2. Transmission
- - aerosol
- 3. Symptoms
- - Flat, red spots on skin (macules) last about 3 days; low-grade fever
- If transmitted from mother to fetus (across placenta), can cause abortion, congenital defects n child (cardiac defects, blindness, deafness, mental retardation, ect.)
- 4. Treatment
- - Supportive care, rest
- 5. Prevention
- - Vaccine ("R" part of MMR)
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Polio?
- 3. Transmission
- - Oral/fecal via contaminated water (mostly)
- 4. Symptoms
- - Asymptomatic
- - Paralytic polio- symptoms of minor polio followed by CNS infection resulting in paralysis
- 5. Treatment
- - For paralytic polio, repiratory support- mechanical ventilation
- 6. Prevention
- - IPV- imactivated Polio Vaccine. Developed first, and now the current vaccine used
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Hepatitis?
- These viruses all infect the liver, but belong to different viral families
- 2. Symptoms similar for all...
- - Jaundice, enlargement of liver, abdominal distress, low grade fever, and malaise
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Hep A?
- Transmission
- - Oral/fecal via contaminated food or food in contact with contaminated fomites.
- Symptoms (in addition to standard hepatitis symptoms)
- - Fatigue, nausea, anorexia
- Treatment
- -Gamma globulin (anti-Hep A antibodies) shot immediately after exposure; otherwise, rest
- Prevention
- - Hepatitis A vaccine
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Hep B?
- Infection may lead to hepatatic (liver) cancer
- Transmission
- - Body fluids (salvia, blood, semen, mucus); contact with mucus membranes; contaminated needles.
- Treatment
- - antiviral meds help; liver transplant for end-stage Hep B
- Prevention
- - Care not to contact contaminated bodily fluids (monogamous sex, abstinence, condom use); Hep B vaccine
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Hep C?
- Transmission
- - Body fluids (salvia, blood, semen, mucus); contact with mucus membranes; contaminated needles.
- Infection may lead to hepatatic (liver) cancer
- Treatment
- - antiviral meds help; liver transplant for end-stage Hep B
- Prevention
- - Care not to contact contaminated bodily fluids (monogamous sex, abstinence, condom use); Hep B vaccine
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Hep D?
- Transmission
- Same as Hep B
- Causes infection only if co-infection with Hep B (therefore-Hep B vaccination protects against this)
- Treatment
- - Antiviral meds
- Prevention
- - Care not to contact contaminated bodily fluids; Hep B vaccine
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Encephalitis viruses?
- Encephalitis- infects CNS
- Transmission
- -Mosquitos
- Syptoms
- - Asymptomatic in most people; some- fever, severe headache, fatigue, body aches; severe- CNS sysptoms of fever, continued severe headache, stiff neck, sizures, confusion; may be fatal
- Treatment
- - Supportive care
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus
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