LA Sx, Final, I

• hypsodont
• enamel extends entire length of tooth
• tooth continually erupts and wearns down

• crown= portion of the tooth that is visible
• clinical crown= part erupted into mouth

the portion that is buried in the bone

• age and diet
• temporary teeth wear faster

ERUPT!

alveolar bone

• maxilla is wider
• helps grinding motion

• rough
• composed of enamel, cementum and dentin
• the dentin wears faster than the rest making a rough grinding surface

• lateral/buccal side of upper teeth
• inner/lingual side of lower teeth

• incisors- can use temporary or permanents
• Permanent Incisors 1/2/3 @ 2.5/3.5/4.5 years

5 years

• 1st Incisor @ 6 yrs
• 2nd @ 7 years
• 3rd @ 8 years

dental star first seen on 1st incisor @ 6-8 years old

Bishoping- used in the past when selling horses

• last 4 upper cheek teeth
• (PM4, M 1-3)

occur as a result of improper rostral to caudal alignment of mandible and maxilla

• 1. reduce pain
• 2. prolong tooth life- which prolongs life of animal

when the horse packs foodstuffs between the cheek and sharp points to help minimize the pain

• temporary pre-molars that are only partially detached as the permanents move in
• painful
• we pull them off

twice a year- because points start to form early/faster

• no function
• erupt at 6-8 months
• really PM 1
• remove b/c interfere with bit

PM1 that is farther rostral than a normal wolf tooth

• 1. full mouth speculum
• 2. light source
• 3. dental mirror
• 4. dental pick
• 5. restraint- physical or chemical

• every 6 months
• b/c periodontal disease is found in 50-60%
• increased spacing in b/w teeth

• 1st molar
• frequently causes problems

faster after infundibulum worn off

wave mouth- because infundibulum wearing away

sinusitis

extraction and repulsion (or combo)

• repulsion needs anesthesia
• extraction has fewer complications

applied to twist the tooth to break the periodontal ligament (time consuming)

to fill with blood and form framework for granulation tissue to fill socket

• raise flap to get access to sinus
• use trephine to cut thru upper or lower jaw just above or below the tooth root
• punch used to drive tooth out
• packing after

• longer time for granulation tissue to form (bc no clot in alveolus)
• greater chance of fragments that complicate healing

I 3/3 C 1/1 (males) PM 3-4/3 M 3/3

• 1st deciduous incisors
• all deciduous premolars

• I 1 = 6-8days
• I2 = 6-8 weeks
• I3= 6-8 months

NO temporary molars

sedation and full mouth speculum

• 1. failure to maintain good general condition
• 2. dropping food from mouth while chewing
• 3. presence of whole grain in the feces

bottom teeth- remove medial points

• parrot mouth
• short mandible, so upper jaw looks like its sticking way out

• prognathism
• mandible is too long, so lower jaw sticks way out

2nd upper premolar doesnt touch the lower, so hook is on rostral side of upper PM & hook on caudal side of lower 3rd molar

• infundibulum exposed before its fully closed and cause bacteria to gain access to alveolus!
• (this only happens on top teeth not bottom)

• difficulty chewing/mainting condition
• boney swelling over tooth root area
• unilateral nasal discharge that STINKS!

• 1. patent infundibulum (uppers only)
• 2. tooth fracture
• 3. periodontitis

• nasolacrimal duct
• draw a line from medial canthus of eye to ventral nostril, and stay ventral to this

• to locate exactly what tooth is involved
• DONT take out healthy teeth!

root canal for horses

• approach tooth from the root side thru mandible or maxilla
• file used to clean out pulp cavity
• pulp cavity folled and tooth left in place