-
What is the primary fuel for cells?
glucose
-
Fructose is located in:
fruit
-
Sugar molecules are called:
saccharides
-
What are the 3 carb classes?
- monosaccharides
- disaccharides
- polysaccharides
-
-
-
Sucrose= glucose + _______.
Lactose= glucose + _______.
Maltose= glucose + _______.
- Sucrose= glucose + fructose
- Lactose= glucose + galactose
- Maltose= glucose + glucose
-
Daily amount of fiber:
25-40 grams
-
How do you find the range of total kilocalories from CHO?
- the total kcal x 0.45
- the total kcal x 0.65
-
It is healthier to have ____ density lipoproteins.
high
-
What four things are on the "Fight Bac" picture?
-
How much is one serving of grain?
1 ounce
-
How much is one serving of vegetables?
1/2 cup
-
How much is one serving of fruits?
1/2 cup
-
How much is one serving of dairy?
1 cup
-
How much is one serving of protein?
3 ounces
-
How do you determine how many kcals are in a food?
- carbs x 4
- protein x 4
- fat x 9
- *add all together
-
Nutritional care of people in the community is the primary responsibility of the:
registered dietitian
-
The nutrients that provide energy include
carbohydrates, fat, and protein.
-
A bagel that provides 50 g of carbohydrate, 2 g of protein, and 2 g of fat provides how many kcals?
(50 x 4) + (2 x 4) + (2 x 9)= 226 kcals
-
Malnutrition often is caused by
prolonged hospitalization
-
Vitamins function as
coenzyme factors
-
The basic structural units of protein are
amino acids
-
The basic structural units of carbohydrates are
monosaccharides
-
The main storage form of carbohydrates is
glycogen
-
-
The major site or organ in the body for metabolic processing of carbohydrates is the
liver
-
The basic single sugar in body metabolism is
glucose
-
Sucrose is composed of
glucose and fructose
-
The disaccharide not commonly found in the diet but that is derived from the intermediate digestive breakdown of starch is
maltose.
-
A complex carbohydrate that is not digestible yet is important to the body is
dietary fiber
-
The enzymes in the intestine responsible for digestion of carbohydrates are found specifically in the
brush border
-
Triglycerides are composed of
glycerol and fatty acids
-
Saturated fatty acids are _____ at room temperature.
solid
-
An essential fatty acid is one that
the body cannot manufacture for itself
-
When fats are hydrogenated, they become
more solid
-
Fat is transported in the bloodstream mostly in
lipoproteins
-
An example of a monounsaturated fat is
olive oil
-
The basic building blocks of fat are
fatty acids
-
An essential fatty acid would be
linoleic
-
A food source of cholesterol would be
liver
-
Trans fat may be found in
commercially prepared snack cake
-
Invisible fat may be found in
cheese
-
Fat digestion occurs mainly in the
small intestine
-
An essential fatty acid would be
-
An excess of cholesterol and dietary fat in the diet is associated as a specific risk for
atherosclerosis
-
A protein that contains all indispensable amino acids in the correct proportion and ratio is
complete
-
An example of a body protein is
hemoglobin
-
Protein plays an important role in the body in
body defense
-
If nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen excretion, the condition is called
positive nitrogen balance
-
A good example of complementary proteins is
beans and rice
-
Protein is composed of building units called
amino acids
-
Two amino acids joined together are called a
dipeptide
-
The term amino refers to a compound containing
nitrogen
-
The primary function of protein in the body is
tissue building
-
Pepsinogen is converted by hydrochloric acid in the stomach to
pepsin
-
The food with the highest biologic value is
egg
-
A chronic deficiency of protein and energy is referred to as
marasmus
-
A strict vegetarian (vegan) may be most at risk for
zinc deficiency
-
Compared with the pH in the small intestine, the pH in the stomach is
lower
-
Peptidases are enzymes that act on
proteins
-
The hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release its secretions is
secretin
-
The primary nutritional function of the large intestine is
absorption of water
-
Converting noncarbohydrate substances into glucose is called
gluconeogenesis
-
The mucosal lining of the intestine is protected from irritation and erosion by secretions of
mucus
-
The fingerlike projections in the small intestine that ensure maximal absorption of nutrients are called
villi
-
Fat molecules enter into the bloodstream through the
lymph vessels
-
Humans lack an enzyme to break down
fiber
-
The hormone that controls the acidity and secretion of enzymes from the pancreas is called
secretin
-
The circulation that occurs from the intestines to the liver is called
portal
-
The increase in metabolic rate after a meal is called
the thermic effect of food
-
When energy expenditure exceeds energy intake, the result is
weight loss
-
Total energy requirement involves a contribution from resting metabolic rate, physical activity, and
thermic effect of food
-
A deficiency of vitamin A may result in
night blindness
-
Which food is the most important source of riboflavin?
Milk
-
The vitamin most closely associated with protein metabolism is
pyridoxine
-
A significant source of vitamin A is found in
spinach
-
The active vitamin D hormone is called
calcitriol
-
The most potent fat-soluble antioxidant is
alpha-tocopherol
-
A vitamin deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin C is called
scurvy
-
Which vitamin does the heart muscle depend on for energy and to keep it strong?
Thiamin
-
One of the main functions of vitamin _____ is to aid in blood clotting.
K
-
Noncaloric essential nutrients necessary in very small amounts for specific metabolic control and disease prevention are called
vitamins
-
itamins regulate body metabolism by working as
specific catalysts
-
A deficiency of folate may result in
neural tube defects
-
Iron is responsible for
- antibody production
- carotene conversion to vitamin A
hemoglobin formation
-
Thyroid-stimulating hormone controls the uptake of
iodine
-
Minerals required by the body in amounts of more than 100 mg/day are called
major minerals
-
The mineral essential for the formation of fibrin to cause a blood clot is
calcium
-
The mineral necessary for the controlled oxidation of carbohydrate, fat, and protein in producing and storing available energy for the body is
phosphorus
-
The mineral that plays a role in the conversion of blood glucose to stored glycogen is
potassium
-
The mineral that is a catalyst for many reactions in cells that produce energy is
magnesium
-
The greatest source of dietary zinc is
meat
-
A mineral that occurs mostly in the intracellular fluid is
potassium
-
Plasma proteins, glucose, electrolytes, and sodium have what in common?
they balance the water between body compartments
-
An ion that possesses a negative charge is a(n)
anion
-
Ways in which water and solutes move across membranes include
diffusion and filtration
-
The kidneys "launder" the blood by
filtration
-
The fluid surrounding the tissues outside the cells is called
interstitial fluid
-
The major electrolyte found guarding the water outside of the cells is
sodium
-
Water requirements per day for an infant are approximately
1000 ml
-
Molecules retained in the blood vessels that control water movement in the body and guard blood volume by influencing the shift of water in and out of capillaries are
plasma proteins
-
Water leaves the body mainly through the
kidneys
-
The process that impels water molecules to move through the body is
osmosis
-
The term hypertonic refers to what type of solution?
Concentrated
-
The hormone that causes the kidney to reabsorb water is
antidiuretic hormone
-
The acid-base buffer system is mainly controlled by the
lungs and liver
-
Recommendations for a pregnant woman with morning sickness include eating
liquids between, not with, meals
-
Iron absorption is enhanced by consuming foods containing
vitamin C
-
An important source of folate is
oranges
-
Infants younger than 1 year should not be given honey because it may contain
botulism spores
-
A bacteria that can contaminate milk, egg dishes, salad dressing, or sandwich fillings is
Salmonella
-
Obesity generally means that someone's body weight exceeds his or her desired body weight for height by at least
20%
-
To achieve aerobic benefit, the pulse must be raised __________within the individual's maximal heart rate.
60% to 90%
-
A beverage that should be omitted from the diet of a patient with peptic ulcer disease is
coffee
-
The form of insulin designed to last between 5 and 8 hours is the
short-acting form
-
A form of metabolic alteration that occurs in diabetes from burning body fat for energy is
metabolic acidosis
-
Fat soluble vitamins:
- A
- D
- E
- K
- A
dam's- Dick
- Excites
- Kelly
-
Water soluble vitamins:
The
Rhino
Needs
Purple
Cats
Because
Pat
Froze
Caroline's
Viper
- Thiamin
- Riboflavin
- Niacin
- Pyridoxine
- Cobalamin
- Biotin
- Pantothenic acid
- Folic acid
- Choline
- Vitamin C
-
What are the three macronutrients?
- Carbs
- Protein
- Fat/cholesterol
-
Beriberi is caused by a deficiency of
thiamine/vitamin B1
-
Kwashiorkor is caused by a deficiency of
protein
-
Rickets is caused by a deficiency of
- vitamin D
- calcium
- or phosphorus
-
Scurvy is caused by a defiency of
vitamin C
-
The vitamin needed to cement new tissues during the healing process is
vitamin C
-
Total parenteral nutrition formulas provide protein in the form of
amino acids
-
One of the most common nutrient deficiencies among surgical patients is
protein
|
|
