nematode1

• -Nematode
• -also known as Ascarids (round
• worm)
• -most common: toxocara canis
• (canines)
• Toxocara cati (felines)
• toxoscaris leonina (both)

-zoonotic

-can cross placenta

• -eggs remain in environment
• for 5 years

• -can infect humans and cause
• flu like symptoms called visceral larval migrans

• -larger, two tapered ends,
• cylindrical shape

ascarids

5 years

• Toxocara cati
• Toxocara canis
• Toxoscaris leonina

toxocara cati

toxocara canis

toxoscaris leonina

• -Poor growth
• -coughing
• -emaciation
• intestinal blockage
• -v/d
• -weight loss

• -standard fecal flotation for
• eggs
• -visualization in feces

1- adult roundworm in the small intestine

2-eggs are passed in the feces

3-egg turns into larvae in egg

4-egg is ingested

5-egg in stomach, and migrates through facia, abdomen up to the trachea causing irritation

6-dog coughs up larvae and reswallows into the stomach where is now in an infective state

7- incists in small intestine where more eggs are laid and excreated through feces

roundworm

• Ingesting eggs or larvae (direct transmission)
• found in contaminated soil or feces

• (indirect transmission)- ingesting animal with round
• worm

• -Oral de wormers:pyran, strongid T, lopatol,
• Drontal, Drontal plus, pyr-a-pam, panacur, interceptor

-good hygiene-including deworming

• -preventative products
• -sentinel, revolution,
• advantage multi, heartgard-30

-nematode group

• Scientific name:
• -ancylostoma caninum (drink blood)
• -uncinaria stenocephala (dogs)
• - ancylostoma tubeformae (cats)

• -adult bloodsucking paracites
• of the small intestine

-can infect dogs of any age

-zoonotic (larval migrans)

• -ancylostoma caninum most
• dangerous

• -severe anemia
• -sudden collapse or death
• -progressive wasting
• -weight loss
• -bloody stool

fecal flotation

1-adult hookworms attatch at the small intestine

2-eggs are passed in the feces

3-turn into infective third stage larva in the enviroment

4- are ingested or can migrate through pentrating the skin pads

5-already infective do not need to be coughed and reswallowed.enter small intestine and infect by excreating more eggs

• -Eating infected eggs
• -penetrations of footpads or skin
• -in utero or nursing

• Destroyed by Oral de wormers:
• pyran, strongid T,lopatol, Drontal, Drontal plus, pyr-a-pam, panacur, interceptor.

-hygiene

-minimize dirt runs

• -continue de-worming and preventative care every six
• months and check stool.

hookworm

-member of nematode group

• -scientific name-trichuris
• vulpis

-lives in large intestine

• -mainly affects dogs over 6
• months

-has a whip on it

• -egg is thick with plug at
• both ends

• -can live in enviroment for
• many years

• -very rare in cats in north
• america,
• mainly just dogs

• -may be no clincal signs
• -periodic and smelly diarrhea
• may contain specks of blood

top 3 fecal flotation

1-the adult whipworm is embedded in the wall of the large intestine in the cecum

2-eggs are passed in feces

3-infective larva develops inside the egg but does not hatch unless the egg is swallowed

4-egg is swallowed and devlops inside the stomach and then attatches in large intestine and cycle starts again

• infected feces
• bitch can infect pup

• -Eggs infective after 14-30 days
• -treat every three months with de-wormer such as
• panacur, drontal plus, pyr-a-pam or interceptor

• -use preventative products such as sentinel,
• advantage multi

whipworm

-belongs to nematode

-transmitted by mosquito

-infected with dirofilaria immitis

• -dogs can be put on
• preventative as early as 6 months

-pre patent period 6 months

• -live in heart and pulmonary
• artery

• -must have mosquito to develop
• into infective stage

• -Exercise intolerance
• -coughing
• -dyspnea
• -respiratory crackles
• -hemoptysis
• -hypertension
• -syncope

• top 3
• heartworm blood tests

• mosquito bite
• must reach infectious stage in mosquito

heartworm