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What are the 4 steps in the Social Ladder?
- 1. Social Interactions
- 2. Social Structure
- 3. Social Institutions
- 4. Social Change
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What is Sociological Imagination?
It helps the individual in society connect their own personal experiences to what is happening in society
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What is the difference between a Trouble and an Issue?
A Trouble affects the individual.
An Issue affects the society as a whole.
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What is Debunking and who coined it?
Debunking means to denounce inconvenient facts or social myths as false and was coined by Peter Burger
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What is Manifest Function?
A deliberate intent
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What is Latent Function?
An unknown consequence
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What is Macroanalysis?
An analysis of the complete picture; Big
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What is Microanalysis?
An analysis of a smaller detailed picture; Small
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What are the 3 Theories of Sociology?
- 1. Functionalism
- 2. Conflict
- 3. Symbolic Interaction
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Explain Functionalism
We all follow the same path.
The more people relate with one another, the more smoothly society works
Social Solidarity - Emile Durkheim
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What is the Protestant Work Ethic?
The harder you work, the more god loves you
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Explain the Conflict Theory
The use of power to create inequality in society
Power is the ability to control or coerce the weak to uphold social stability
The competition for social resources creates conflicts
Karl Marx
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Explain Symbolic Interaction
Symbolic meanings to objects, events, ideas, etc
e.g. Monetary Bills are important in society
Max Weber
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What are the 6 Steps of Empiracal Research?
- 1. Ask a research question
- 2. Review Literature
- 3. Plan a research design
- 4. Collect data
- 5. Analyze data
- 6. Report data
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Explain Culture
A way of life
A complex system of social behavior and human interaction that defines the way of life for a group of people (society).
Customs, traditions, ideas, -> Art, Music, etc
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Define Ethnocentrism
One feels that cultural ideals are superior to another group
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What is Material Culture?
A tangible aspect of culture or a cultural object
e.g. Middle Eastern culture's Veil
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What is Non-Material Culture?
An abstract aspect of culture or ideas and concepts within a culture
e.g. Middle Eastern culture's Purdah, or act of sucluding women to prove lineage by means of Veil
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What are the 5 Characteristics of Culture?
- 1. Shared
- 2. Learned
- 3. Symbolic
- 4. Varies over time and place
- 5. Taken for granted
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What are the 4 Elements of Culture?
- 1. Language - Sapir/Wharf - Generates inequality
- 2. Norms - Standards for desirable behavior in society
- 3. Values - Right and wrong
- 4. Beliefs - Assume to be true, faith. Generates values
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Explain Grahms-Sumner's 3 Standards of Norms
- 1. Folkway - Etiquette, traditions, customs
- 2. Moré - Strict
- 3. Taboo - Unspeakable
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Define Ethnomethodology
To disrupt norms in society to see how people react
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Define Dominant Culture
Cultural hegemony
Conflict reduces political resistance, economic interests
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Define Subculture
A respected diverse culture within another, coexisting peacefully
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Define Counterculture
A Culture within a society that rejects the dominant culture's way of life, hostile coexistance
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Define Pop Culture
Everday life and traditions produced by mass media; fad
The opposite is an elite culture
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Define Global Culture
A uniform transition to a single language; English
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What are the 4 Soruces of Cultural Change?
- 1. Innovation / Technology - Culture Lag; Opposite = Culture Shock - threatened by change
- 2. Imposed - A forced culture
- 3. Diffusion - Influenced / assimilated cultures (e.g. pizza seems American but its Italian)
- 4. Changes in society (e.g. Civil Rights)
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What are the 6 Agents of Socialization?
- 1. Family
- 2. Schools
- 3. Peers - Equal footing with; acceptance / approve
- 4. Sports - Important to fathers; pushed on boys
- 5. Media
- 6. Religion
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Explain Sexist Ideology and the 3 Factors
Society looks down on you if you're a young boy and don't play sports
- 1. Set of beliefs
- 2. Serves the status quo
- 3. Distorts reality
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Explain "Risk Reduction"
Sports reduces the risk of being labeled
Men can show a connection with each other without the risk of being sanctioned with sports
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Explain the Jean Piaget Theory
Girls change the game to make fair
Boys adhere to the rule for competition
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Explain "Conditional" Selfworth
You're not going to win all the time; got to face disappointment
You feel incredible defeat if convinced of a win.
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Explain the Social Learning Theory / 3 Sensorimotor Stages
The life course
- 1. Pre-operationable stage - Language; Pre-conventional - Childhood
- 2. Concrete operational stage - Logic; Conventional - Adolescence
- 3. Formal operational stage - Abstract; Post-conventional - Adulthood
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Define Rite of Passage
Marks transitions in life course; marked by ceremony
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Explain Mead/Cooley's 3 Factors of the Looking Glass Self Theory
- 1. We note the reactions of others towards us
- 2. Our understanding of judgement is based on perception
- 3. Your behavior is affected
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Explain Re-Socialization
A radical shift in social expectation
- Military - Brainwashing
- Prison
- Stockholm Syndrome - Identifying with the kidnapper
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