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Causative agents for bacterial skin infection
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus pyrogenes
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Diagnosis of bacterial skin infection
- visual exam
- bacterial culture
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Treatment of bacterial skin infection
antibiotics
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Impetigo
- acute, contagious skin infection
- two clinical types
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Nonbullous impetigo
- most common type
- affects primarily face and extremities
- starts as vesicle or pustule on reddened skin
- after rupturing, leaves honey-colored crust
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Bullous impetigo
- almost exclusively caused by S. aureus
- starts as vesicle with clear, yellow fluid
- after rupturing leaves golden-yellow crust
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Symptoms of impetigo
- fever
- enlarged lymph nodes
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Risk factors for impetigo
- direct skin-to-skin contact with infected person
- contact with fomites (contaminated bedding or clothing)
- warm and humid weather
- sports involving skin-to-skin contact
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Prevention of impetigo
- frequent hand washing and daily bathing
- prompt attention to minor wounds
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Erysipelas
superficial skin infection
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Cellulitis
deep infection extending into subcutaneous tissue
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Risk factors for erysipelas and cellulitis
- circulatory problems
- diabetes
- trauma to the skin
- infection usually appears on the face or legs and is generally swollen, bright red, hot and tender
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Prevention of erysipelas and cellulitis
- prompt wound care
- moisturization of skin
- careful trimming of nails
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Folliculitis
- superficial infection of hair follicles
- characterized by erythema and follicular-based papules and pustules
- treated with antibiotic soap
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Furuncle (boil)
- deep infection of hair follicles
- characterized by core becoming necrotic, liquefied and pus-filled
- treated with application of moist heat, antiseptic soap, antibiotics and incision and drainage
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Carbuncle
cluster of furuncles
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Herpes
- viral skin infection
- causes cluster of fluid-filled vesicles on the skin
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Herpes simplex type I
- cold sores and fever blisters near mouth and lips
- ~85% of population has antibody titer
- burning or tingling may precede vesicular eruption
- becomes dormant
- reoccurance triggered by stimuli such as cold, flu, fever, sun, stress, trauma or immune response
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Diagnosis of Herpes simplex type I
- visual examination
- viral culture
- testing for HSV-1 DNA
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Herpes simplex type II
caused by herpes varicella zoster (chickenpox)
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Prevention of Herpes simplex type II
varicella zoster vaccine
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Treatment of Herpes simplex type II
- NSAIDs to reduce fever and pain
- Histamine1 receptor antagonists to reduce itching
- Antivirals to shorten length of illness
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Warts (verruca vulgaris)
- small, usually painless growths on the skin caused by the human papillomavirus
- HPV infects keratinocytes causing proliferation forming a benign neoplasm (epithelial hyperplasia)
- has rough, keratinized surface that is dome-shaped and gray-brown in color
- spread by direct contact
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Diagnosis of warts
visual exam
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Common warts
- usually appear on the hands
- can appear anywhere
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Plantar warts
found on soles of feet
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Flat warts
general found on the face and forehead, also on arms and legs
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Filoform warts
usually grow around the mouth, nose or beard area
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Periungual and subungual warts
appear under and around the finger and toe nails
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Treatments for warts
- OTC/prescription warts
- immunotherapy
- Gardasil vaccine
- special cushions
- electrocautery
- cryosurgery
- laser surgery
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