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Low levels of a specific brain neurochemical may trigger a migraine by causing arterial vasospasm and triptans alleviate migraine by activating the same receptors
serotonin theory
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Stress triggers release of two brain neurochemicals, one causing arterial vasospasm and the other causing neurogenic inflammation
unifying theory
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Inappropriate arterial vasospasm or vasodilation in the occipital lobe may trigger visual aura in some people
vascular theory
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Brainstem nerves become irritated releasing inflammatory neuropeptides increasing pain signals
neural theory
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All of the following drugs are considered pain-relieving medications for treating migrains except
antidepressants
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All of the following drugs are considered preventative medications for treating migraines except
ergot alkaloids
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This disease is caused by enteroviruses that attack motor neurons in the medulla oblongata, pons and spinal cord and may affect respiratory and skeletal muscles
poliomyelitis
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This disease is transmitted by either infected animal bite breaking the skin or airborne virus; incubation period is dependent on distance of wound from brain
rabies
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This disease, although the cause is unknown, most often affects children and teenagers recovering from infection after receiving asprin
Reye's syndrome
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This disease causes acute inflammation of the pia mater and arachnoid mater that cover the brain and spinal cord
meningitis
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This disease results from laceration, puncture or animal bite and causes spasms of rigis, contracted muscles of jaw leading to difficulties in breathing and swallowing
tetanus
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This disease causes inflammation of the brain and the first two layers that cover the brain and spinal cord; West Nile is one form of it
encephalitis
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This disease causes swelling and inflammation enveloped by membrane creating a mass of infected brain cells, white blood cells and live and dead microorganisms
brain abscesses
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This disease is due to a virus that had once been dormant in the nervous system until its reactivation by emotional stress, cancer or immune deficiency
shingles
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Elevated protein levels, increased lymphocytes, absence of pathogen and normal glucose levels
encephalitis
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Elevated protein levels, low glucose levels, mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and infectious agent
meningitis
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Increased crainial pressure and increased neutrophils and lymphocytes
brain abscess
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Which statement best describes the progression of Alzheimer's disease
loses mental capacity - loses ability to carry out daily activities - becomes disabled and immobilized - usually succumbs to pneumonia
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All of the following medications are used to treat Alzheimer's disease except
beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists
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All of the following statements regarding multiple sclerosis are correct except
the frequency of occurrence in the general population is high
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All of the following are considered treatments for multiple sclerosis except
beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists
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All of the following statements regarding amyotrophic lateral sclerosis except
treatment includes the use of beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists
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All of the following statements regarding Parkinson's disease are correct except
treatment includes the use of beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists
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All of the following statements regarding essential tremor are correct except
it is often confused with Huntington's (chorea) disease
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All of the following statements regarding Huntington's (chorea) disease are correct except
treatment includes the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists.
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