The patient's creatinine clearance is 5 mL/min. This value signifies:
D. renal dysfunction
Acute renal failure is potentially reversible in the:
B. initiation phase.
Hyponatremia in renal dysfunction is the result of:
B. water overload
Signs and symptoms of acute renal failure include:
C. tachypnea, low pH, and low serum bicarbonate.
Which of the following is a common complication of hemodialysis?
A. hypotension
A medication that has the dual effect of creating a solute diuresis (increased flow of tubular cellular debris) and augmenting renal blood flow is:
B. furosemide.
In general, maintenance of cardiovascular function and _________ are the two key goals in the prevention of acute tubular necrosis (ATN).
C. adequate intravascular volume
One of the most useful noninvasive diagnostic tools available for clinicians to monitor fluid volume status is:
D. monitoring daily weight.
A study that delineates the size, shape, and position of the kidneys, and also demonstrates abnormalities, such as calculi, hydronephrosis (enlargement of the renal pelvis), cysts, or tumors is the:
D. kidney, ureters, bladder (KUB) x-ray.
While undergoing his first ever hemodialysis treatment, the patient suddenly becomes confused, complains of a headache, begins to twitch, and proceeds to have a seizure. The nurse realizes that this most likely is
due to:
B. cerebral edema.
Which of the following are indications for hemodialysis? (Choose all that apply.)
A. Acid-base imbalances
C.Electrolyte imbalances
D.Fluid overload
The principles that are the basis for dialysis are: (Choose all that apply.)
A. diffusion.
D.ultrafiltration.
The patient has returned to the unit after having an arteriovenous fistula placed in his right arm. The nurse knows that: (Choose all that apply.)
D. as a result, the vein will dilate.
D.the pulse distal to the fistula needs to be evaluated.
Which of the following are common complications of hemodialysis? (Choose all that apply.)
E. All of the above
The patient is undergoing peritoneal dialysis. The nurse must be alert for signs and symptoms of peritonitis, which include: (Choose all that apply.)
A.abdominal pain and fever.
B.cloudy return fluid.
C.loss of bruit or thrill.
D.poor drainage from the abdominal cavity.
A.abdominal pain and fever.
B.cloudy return fluid.
D.poor drainage from the abdominal cavity.
Exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin, might result in _____ ______ _______.
acute tubular necrosis
It is recommended that _______ medications be withheld for 4 to 6 hours before hemodialysis to reduce the likelihood of hypotension during the procedure.
antihypertensives
The most common intrarenal condition resulting from prolonged ischemia is
acute tubular necrosis
An aminoglycoside peak level is usually drawn _____ to ____ hours after the drug is administered.
1; 2
_____ refers to nitrogenous waste in the blood.
Azotemia
Hypovolemia and cardiogenic shock are the contributors to ______ failure.
prerenal
Oliguria refers to a urine output of less than _____ mL in 24 hours.
400
______ _____ _____ is the sudden deterioration of renal function,
resulting in retention of nitrogenous waste products (azotemia).
Acute renal failure
Conditions that produce acute renal failure by interfering with renal perfusion are classified as _______.
prerenal
Acute renal failure resulting from obstruction of the flow of urine is classified as _________, or obstructive renal failure.
postrenal
Conditions that produce acute renal failure by directly acting on functioning kidney tissue (either the glomerulus or the renal tubules) are classified as _________.
intrarenal
_______ ______ _____ ____ is particularly useful for patients in the critical care unit whose cardiovascular status is too unstable to tolerate rapid fluid removal.
Continuous renal replacement therapy
_____________ is manifested by abdominal pain, cloudy peritoneal fluid, fever and chills, nausea and vomiting, and difficulty in draining fluid from the peritoneal cavity.
Peritonitis
A major goal of nutritional management of acute renal failure is to reduce catabolism of the body's fat sources.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Complications of hemodialysis include hypotension, dysrhythmias, and muscle cramps.
A. True
B. False
B. False
CRRT is frequently used therapy in acute renal failure because it provides continuous ultrafiltration of fluids and clearance of toxins.
A. True
B. False
A. True
Hypocalcemia is the most life-threatening electrolyte imbalance of acute renal failure because it can cause seizures.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Patients with acute renal failure who are oliguric have an increased susceptibility to life-threatening infection and therefore should have a catheter inserted immediately using strict aseptic technique.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Peak and trough drug levels of antibiotics are monitored in patients with acute renal failure to prevent suboptimal drug levels because many drugs are removed by dialysis.
A. True
B. False
B. False
The best measure of renal function is urinary creatinine clearance.
A. True
B. False
A. True
The cause of renal anemia is iron deficiency, for which most patients receive oral iron supplements.
A. True
B. False
B. False
The nursing assessment of a patient with an A-V fistula includes auscultation of the site (for a bruit) and palpation (for the presence of a thrill) every 8 hours.
A. True
B. False
A. True
Some patients with acute renal failure are patients with acute renal failure are nonoliguric and may excrete 2 to 4 L of normal urine in 24 hours.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Commonly used to treat the anemia of chronic renal failure
