Monophonic vocal music in the medieval church designed to project religious texts
Plainchant
A musical texture consisting of multiple lines of equal importance
Polyphonic Texture (Polyphony)
A style of singing that lies somewhere between lyrical song and speech; also, the operatic number that is sung in this style
Recitative
A wind instrument widely used until ca. 1750, similar to a flute but blown into from one end rather than from the side
Recorder
The range of a pitch or series of pitches, usually described as high, middle, or low
Register
A type of plainchant in which a soloist's passage is followed by a response from the chorus
Responsorial Chant
Italian for "little return"; name for the statement and return of the full ensemble, in a work alternating between the orchestra and soloist or soloists
Ritornello
The ordering of music through time
Rhythm
The formal design of alternating ritornello and solo sections