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Reconquista
- a. Much of Spain part of Islam
- i. Cordoba= major urban center with 300, 000+ people
- ii. Agriculture and leather, wool, silk, and paper
- b. 10th century: weakening of Muslim power and beginning of Christina reconquest that lasted until final expulsion of Muslims at end of 15th century= Reconquista
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Reconquest
- i. Small Christian kingdoms= northern Spain
- 1. Muslim disunity and support of French allowed Spanish Christian states to take offensive
- a. Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar (El Cid) was most famous military adventurer
- i. Fought under either Christina or Muslim rulers
- 1. Carved out own kingdom of Valencia in 1094 but failed to create a dynasty and was reconquered by Muslims
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12th Century End
- 1. Northern half= Christina kingdoms of Castile, Navarre, Aragon , and Portugal
- 2. SOurthern half= Muslim rule
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13th Century
Battle at Las Navas de Tolosa
- i. 13th century= Christian rulers took offensive again
- 1. Aragona nd Castile two strongest Spanish kingdoms; Portugal up there
- a. All three made conquests of Muslim territory
- i. Castile= Andalusia
- ii. Aragon= Valencia
- 1. Battle at Las Navas de Tolosa (1212)
- a. Alfonso VIII of Castile with 60000 men crushed Muslims
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Mid 13th Century
- i. Mid-13th century: Muslim only had Granada
- 1. Christian armies moved down peninsula; rulers followed repartimiento
- a. Gave houses, land, and property to those who made conquests (nobles, churchmen, soliders, royal officials got best land and new Christian colonists
- b. Muslims who weren’t killed and stood under Christian rule were mudejares and worked in industry
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To encourage movement into new regions,-->
Privileges
- i. To encourage movement into new regions, Spanish kings issued written privileges that guaranteed rule in accordance with law from most of the communities in kingdoms
- 1. Privileges (fueros):
- a. stipulated punishments for crimes and resolving
- b. Established regulations for citizenship
- c. Rules for service in miliia
- d. Laws protecting women and children
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Fueros
- 1. These fueros adopted due to attractive customs
- a. Kings were required to swear that they would respect community customs before taking office
- ii. Spanish kingdoms followed no consistent policy in treatment of conquered Muslims, who worked land but forced to pay high rents
- Alfonso X: development of Christian+ Jewish+ Muslim culture
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