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What does DNA stand for?
Deoxribose Nucleic acid
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Whats is DNAs primary function
acts as guidlines
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what are the repeating subunits called that make up DNA
nucleotides
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Name three parts of a DNA nucleotide
deoxribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
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name the four nitrogen bases of a DNA nucleotide
Thymine, Adiene,Guanime, cytosine
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What is the differnce between a purine & prymidine
purine has a double ring, prymidine has a single ring
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how does DNA look?
- -double helix
- -two strands
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what makes up the "steps" of a DNA molecule
nitrogen bases
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how does the nucleotide sequence in one chain of DNA compare with the other chain of DNA
complimentary
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what is the function of DNA polymerase
joins nucleotides and proof reads
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what did roseland franklin do?
used an X-ray to find that DNA is double helixed
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what did erwin hargaff figure out about DNA
chargaff rule ( A-T, G-C)
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What did Watson and Crick figure out
the stole roseland franklins idea about the double helix and created the first model of DNA
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what are the fragments called in the lagging strand of DNA
okasaki
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how are all the fragments glued togather
ligase
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whats the difference between RNA and DNA
- RNA-single stranded,ribose sugar,Uracil
- DNA- doulbe stranded, deoxribose sguar, thymine
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what are the 2 steps of protien synthesis
Transcription and Translation
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Where is trancription and translation located?
- trancription: inside nucleus
- translation: @ a ribosome
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Whats the function of polymerase RNA
Opens up and lays down mRNA
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What are introns or extrons?
- introns: cut out
- extrons: fused in
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What is a codon?
three base pairs that codes for a speific Amino Acid
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What bond joins Amino Acid?
peptide
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Whats a mutation and how does it happen?
- When somthing goes wrong with the codons.
- Two options:
- Point mutation =switch one letter
- Fram mutation = delete or insert of a codon
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Whats a genome ?
the map of all you genes from all your chromosomes.
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What restriction enzymes? why is it important to use the same restriction enzymes when trying to create recombination, DNA and during DNA fingerprinting?
they are enzymes that cut DNA , found in a viris or natrually in your body. You must use the same one so your ends fit togather. I fyou used differnet ones then you wouldny be able to identify the crimanal cause everyones one would be different
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List the three types of RNA and define them
- mRNA - transribes
- rRNA-part of ribsome
- tRNA-carrys anticodon to the codon on mRNA
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What is transcription?
copying or transcribing the message from the DNA
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