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Candidiasis
- Casued by Candida albicans, an ubuquitous fungus that produces most of the common human fungal infection
- usually kept under control by the body's normal flora and ummune system, but can occur in healthy persons
- True opportunities pathogens that can cause oral or genital infections
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Candidiasis - Diagnosis
- Visual examinations
- microscopic examination of scrapings or smears from skin, nails, oral or vaginal mucosa
- cultures
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Types of Candidiasis
- Systemic
- Vaginal
- Oral
- Cutaneous
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Systemic Candidiasis
- -Can occur in or following : immunocompromised individuals, malnutrition, uses of cerain mediccations such as glucocorticosteroids, anticancer drugs, antibiotics, birth control pills
- -Medications- intravaneous antifungal agents, oral antifungal agents
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Vaginal Candidiasis
- -Signs and Symptoms - a white cottage cheese like discharge from the vagina, burning,, puritis, erthema
- -Medication - vaginal antifungal creams, oral anitfungal agents
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Oral candidiasis (thrush)
- -Signs and symptoms - creamy white painful patchers on the tongue or side of the mouth
- -Med - oral antifungal agents
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Cutaneous candidiasis
- Causes infection in skin that usually receives little ventilation and is usually moist - diapers, rubber gloves
- -Signs and symptoms - patches of red moist, weepy skin and pustules
- -Prevention - keep addected skin clean and dry
- -Medications - Antifungal creams, oral antifungals
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Pediculosis (louse infectation)
- Exstremely common, affecting >12 million Americans yearly
- Lice
- Wingless, extoparasites (live outside the body) that feed on blood
- Have claws on legs that are adapted for feeding and clinging to hair or clothing
- spread by close physical contact
- most neither dnagerous nor likely to spread diseases, but are highly contagious and downright annoying
- may pave way for opportunitistic microorgansism
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Main sysmptoms of louse infections
- Puritis (itching) - scratching skin may lead to wounds fro potentially oterh invading microorganisms
- Diagnosis - requires findings live specimens of lice and or a viable nit
- Treatment- periculicidal mediations, destroy or wash infection clothing in hot water
- Prevention -Proper hygene, safe sex practice
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Three types of Lice
- Pediulus humans capitis or head lice
- Phthirus pubis or pubic lice
- Pediculus humanus corporis or body lice
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Pediulus humans capitis or head lice
- Common amoung school childern
- adults head lice are difficult to see, but their nits (eggs) can be found on hair shafts
- average life span is 30 days
- female head louse lays about 10 eggs daily
- females cannot survice for more than 3 days away from the human host
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Phthirus pubis or pubic lice
- found in pubic hair of men and women
- spread by sexual contact
- avg lifespan is 35 days
- female pubic louse lays 1-2 eggs daily
- femails cannot survie for more than one day from the human host
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Pediculus humanus corporis or body lice
- common amoung indigent, transient people
- infestation prevented with proper grooming/hygene
- does not live on the human body, lives in clothing on the body only to feed at night
- prefer cooler tempatures
- lifespans is 30 days
- female body lice lay 10-15 eggs per day
- eggs take 5-7 days to hatch over a temperature range of 23-39 degrees
- females can survice as long as 10 days away from th human body without a blood meal
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Pediculus humanus corporis or body lice can spread
- typhus- ricettsial(baterial disease spread by lice or fleas
- Trench fever - clinical syndrome by bartonella quintanna first described during WWI, afffected 1 million soliders
- relapsing fevers - accute febrile illness cause by sprochetes of the gernus borrelia, high fever spontanous abates and then recurs
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