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What does a cross section of a monocot stem look like? A dicot?
- the vascular bundles are scattered in monocot
- in a ring in dicot
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What does the pollen of a monocot look like? A dicot?
- Monocot = 1 pore or furrow
- Dicot = 3 pores or furrows
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What makes gymnosperms above mosses and ferns?
The presence of xylem and phloem in the sporophyte generation
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About how many species of gymnosperms are there?
720 species
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What do the leaves of a typical gymnosperm look like?
needle-like leaves
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what is the main way a gymnosperm reproduces?
- via cones but....
- some produce berry-like structures with seeds inside
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True or false: all gymnosperms are woody
true
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what makes the wood of a gymnosperm unique from an angiosperm woody plant?
- they only have tracheids, which are found in the xylem
- conducts water
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How long do evergreen needles last?
3 to 4 years
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Cycads: describe the tree appearance, cone size and location
- palm like appearance
- giant cones
- tropical
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How many species are found in the Ginkgophyta phylum?
One: Ginkgo biloba
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Gnetophytes: are they the missing link?
No, that's false
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Conivers: Describe the seed production, and in which biome they are found
- cone bearing
- found in boreal forests of Northern hemisphere
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Name the two classifications of angiosperms
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Which type of plant dominates Earth's flora?
Angiosperms
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About how many species of angiosperms are there?
about 257,000 species
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What are the typical forms angiosperms take?
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What are the two key traits of the angiosperms?
- Vessel elements
- double fertilization
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Why have angiosperms been so successful at pollination over the past 140 million years?
- co-evolution with insect pollinators
- co-evolution with animal dispersers
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Why are angiosperms deciduous? (lose leaves)
to beat drought
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Name the 4 main whorls of a pedagogical flower
- Sepals
- Petals
- Carpels
- Stamens
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Name the two male elements of a flower, and what the entire male portion is called
- anther
- filament
- The male part is called the stamen
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Name the 3 parts of the female section of the flower, and what the entire female portion is called
- stigma
- style
- ovary
- The entire female portion is called the carpel
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Which 2 elements make up the corolla?
the petals and sepals
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What is the difference between complete and incomplete flowers?
- complete have all 4 whorls
- incomplete lack one or more whorls
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What is a perfect flower?
has male and female organs
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What is an imperfect flower? Give one example
- staminate or carpellated flowers
- Corn = monoecious has both stamen and carpels on the same plant
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Why does a monocot only have one pore on the pollen coat? Why does a eudicot have 3?
- monocot = only one sperm tube enters ovary
- eudicot = three sperm tubes enter ovary
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What is an asteraceae?
a sunflower
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What is the dominant generation in the angiosperms?
sporophyte
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What sex is the megaspore and where is it located?
- female
- located in the ovule
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What sex is the microspore and where is it located?
- male
- located in the anther
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Of the 4 original megaspores in the ovule, how many degenerate?
3
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How many nuclei are there after all divisions and fertilization within the embryo sac?
8
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Draw and label the embryo sack of an angiosperm
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How many n is the embryo sac of an angiosperm?
- 5n because...
- embryo is 2n
- endosperm is 3n from 2 polar nuclei and 1 sperm
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What is the most important anemophilous (non-living) vector for pollination?
wind
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What is the most important entomophilous (living) vector for pollination?
insects
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What is the common name for Ophys?
the hammer orchid
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What is the common name for Asclepias? How does it pollinate?
- milkweed
- a pollen package gets stuck on insects leg
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What is the pollinating vector for Yucca?
the yucca moth lays eggs in the developing ovules
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- samara (maple)
- also the scary chick from "The Ring"
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- hesperidium
- hesper = Greek warrior with shield (the covering)
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- pepo (pumpkin, squash)
- has a rhind
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- drupe
- "stone fruit"
- cherry also
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What is the definition of a fruit?
the ripened ovary of a flower
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What is a vegetable?
- means "to enliven"
- whatever your mom wants to call it
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What is the definition of a plant?
"A plant is a complex, autotrophic multicellular organism generally well-adapted to a terrestrial existence
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Name the taxonomic hierarchy in order, from greatest to most specific
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
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What is the switching between sporophytic and gametophytic phases of the life cycle called?
alternation of generations
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Where does unlimited growth occur in plants?
meristems (roots and shoots)
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Which cell type is this?
- epidermis (onion)
- living at maturity
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Which cell type is this?
- parenchyma
- living at maturity
- thin primary cell walls
- APPLESAUCE
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Which cell type is this?
- collenchyma
- thickened
- strands for support
- CELERY
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which cell type is this?
- sclerenchyma (hard)
- "stone cells"
- GRITTY PEARS
- AGAVE
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Where are carbohydrates stored in plants?
roots
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What is the word for "plant death?" Hint: means old man in latin
senescence
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What is the purpose of auxin?
- growth in root and shoot
- cell elongation
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What is the purpose of cytokinins?
- cell division
- releases buds from dormancy
- inhibits senescence
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What is the purpose of gibberellin?
- cell division AND elongation
- stimulate small plants to elongate
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What is the purpose of ethylene?
fruit ripening
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