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- The Night Café
- Artist: Van Gogh
- Era: Post-Impressionism
- Techniques:
- oppressive atmosphere of evil through the distortion of color
- vivid hues juxtaposed for intentsity
- blood red walls
- radiating light in the ceiling - short thick brush strokes
- pair of lovers contrasts a place of woe
- filled with terrible passions of humanity
- spinning work of nausea created by tilted floor
- man behind pool table is ghost-like
- shadows created because the paint is so thick
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- Starry Night
- Artist: Van Gogh
- Era: Post-Impressionism
- Techniques:
- creates peaks of paint
- painted while self-committed to an asylum
- view out of his asylum window turned into his personal vision
- 1/4 landscape, 3/4 sky
- syprus tree in foreground
- deep blue with turbulent thick brushstrokes to create anxiety
- blues create a deep depression
- combining with an astronomical event - end of the world
- radiating stars
- waves in sky create movement and create oppression on society below
- he didn't necessarily witness this event
- tree painted to look like flames and to look dead
- tiny steeple alludes to his past commitment to the church and how it failed him
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- Vision After the Sermon or Joseph Wrestling with the Angel
- Artist: Gauguin
- Era: Post-Impressionism
- Techniques:
- celtic folk ways and medieval catholic piety
- natural men and women and were at ease in their unspoiled peasant environment
- starched white sunday caps and black dresses
- visualizing the sermon
- crucifix on roadsides
- landscape with street moving through it
- twisted perspective
- space emphasizes the action
- women frame the spiritual vision
- jacob and the angel are shrunken
- alluding to cock fights
- no unifying perspective
- abstract patterns
- no light and shade
- shapes of color
- unmodulated color that fills in flat planes
- firmly outlined sections of color
- angular and harsh shapes
- caps, sharpe angled figures suggest the austerity of peasant life and ritual
- inspired by Japanese prints and cloisonne enamel
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- Spirit of the Dead Watching
- Artist: Gauguin
- Era: Post-Impressionism
- Techniques:
- nude figure lying faced down on a bed
- tropical prints
- death watching over her
- siliar of fuseli
- outlined sections of color
- paintings connected to Egyptian art by the flattened figures
- figures are types
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- At the Moulin Rouge
- Artist: Toulouse-Lautrec
- Era: Post-Impressionism
- Techniques:
- glaring artificial light alluding to the harsh brassy music
- assortment of corrupt, cruel, and mask-like faces
- simplifies the face to exaggerate the expression
- distrotions by simplification- face anticipate Expressionism
- spacial diagonals filled with color
- elongated outlined figures
- focus on clothing not faces
- self portrait in back
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- Sunday Afternoon of the Island of La Grand Jatte
- Artist: Seurat
- Era: Post-Impressionism
- Techniques:
- underlying structure
- recreational themes of Impressionism but more rigid and remote
- sunlight is patches of color
- calculated values
- verticals in trees and figures
- diagonals in shoreline and shadows create structure
- repeated shapes of rounded forms of hats and parasols and dresses ceates rhythm- tightly controlled
- geometric formalism of Renaissance
- shifting social class relationship
- no distinction between figures other than clothing like mass-production - people don't have identities
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- La Montagne Sainte-Victoire
- Artist: Cezanne
- Era: Post-Impressionism
- Techniques:
- colors in large lighted squares
- reducing sunlight to geometric shapes
- space stretches beyond the canvas
- mountain seems both near and far - shifting perspective
- contrived tree frames the image and creates a foreground
- branches mimic the shape of the mountain - draws attention to aqueduct
- contour of mountain is linear
- brushstrokes in foreground hint at softening the image
- buildings are reduced to shapes
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- Basket of Apples
- Artist: Cezanne
- Era: Post-Impressionism
- Techniques:
- cylinders and spheres
- sections of color and shapes
- solidity created by juxtaposing color patches
- perspective shifts
- all angles at once - precursor to Cubism
- "architecture of color"
- 2 and 3 dimensional image
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- Still-Life with Peppermint Bottle
- Artist: Cezanne
- Era: Post-Impressionism
- Techniques:
- reducing objects to basic shapes
- rounded edges of bottle
- flattens shapes
- table cloth contrasts
- compresses shapes
- highlights the lighting as shape
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- Ugolino and His Children
- Artist: Carpeaux
- Era: 19th century Sculpture
- Techniques:
- shut in a tower to starve to death
- twisted intertwined and densely concentrated figures - self devouring
- torment frustration and despair
- had Laocoon in mind
- Michelangelesque figures
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- Adams Memorial
- Artist: Saint-Gaudens
- Era: 19th century Scuplture
- Techniques:
- memorial to Mrs. Henry Adams
- woman of majestic baring sitting in mourning
- classically beautiful face shadowed by a drapery that is like a tomb
- voluminous folds of heavy drapery enclosed her body and create a sense of immobility
- symbolically represents eternal vigilance
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- Burghers of Calais
- Artist: Rodin
- Era: 19th century Sculpture
- Techniques:
- 100 years war - spare city if 6 leading citizens would sacrifice themselves
- had no heroism
- dressed in sac cloths with key to the city
- ordinary individuals wander aimlessly through space
- different emotional reactions towards moving towards their death
- elongates arms
- enlarges hands and feet
- heavy sac cloth
- not on a high pedestal
- ordinary people are capable of extraordinary acts
- roughly textured surface adds to pathos and lighting
- each figure faces a different plane
- different planes reflect light in different directions (impressionism)
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- The Thinker
- Artist: Rodin
- Era: 19th century Sculpture
- Techniques:
- needs to live a better life
- athletic figure inspired by Michelangelo
- muscles strain from thinking - powerful internal struggle
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- The Eiffel Tower
- Artist: Eiffel
- Era: Late 19th century Architecture
- Techniques:
- 984ft tall, at the time it was the tallest in the world
- symbol of modern world
- made for Great Exhibition in 1889
- 4 giant supports connected by arches that create a beam going across
- legs are at a diagonal
- doesn't cover skeletal structure
- airy feel to a building that is supposed to be enclosed
- mix of inside and outside space
- lines up with parks and trees
- connected to nature
- trees helped create the line of the building
- speed, economy, reduction of fire hazard - wrought iron
- beginning of the American skyscraper
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- Marshall Field Warehouse
- Artist: Richardson
- Era: Late 19th century Architecture
- Techniques:
- covered one city block
- practical use of storage
- three part elevation - influence of Roman aqueducts
- smaller arches on top
- more rapid rhythm on top
- big round arches with heavy masonry
- focus on weight of the building
- emphasizing the horizontal with a cornice/window sill
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- Guaranty Building
- Artist: Sullivan
- Era: Late 19th century Architecture
- Techniques:
- skeletal nature of the supporting structure creating a subdivision of the interior of the building
- building that mimicked it's purpose
- subdivide interior space to create individual work space
- windows show divisions
- terra cotta clad vertical members between each window
- base ad cornice are considered free supports of the later century
- open space - only pillars on bottom - free supports
- tempers severity with lively ornamentation on piers and cornice of exterior
- interior ceilings are decorated
- elevator cages had detailed organic design
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- Carson, Pirie, Scott Building
- Artist: Sullivan
- Era: Late 19th century Architecture
- Techniques:
- department store
- broad open, well illuminated space inside
- minimal steel skeleton
- each story is its own deck separated by white ceramic slabs
- less cubical by creating irregularities - entrance on a corner
- rounds corner - organic
- lower 2 levels have ornamentation in cast iron, organic motifs
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