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What are some of the Gender socialization agents
parents, extended family, old siblings, peers, teachers, sports figures, actors/characters/coaches
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Are fathers or mothers more likely to treat their children differently depending on gender
fathers
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Who is believed to need more help, boys or girls
girls
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This is a rapid change in physical development that occurs primarily in early adolecence. It involves growth spurts and horemone and body changes
puberty
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Body images during the physical development in asolecence
girls are more dissatisfied with their bodies due to the body fat increase
boys are more satusfied with their bodies because of muscle mass increase
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Menarche
the average agee of onset in the US is 12.5
the average age has declines about four months per decade over the past century becasue of better nutrition and better medical care
a body weight of 106 plus or minus 3 pounds can trigger it
the body weight has to be at least 17% of fat
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Piaget's Stage of Formal Operational Thought 11-15 years
begins around 11
only 17-67 percent of college students are formal operational thinkers
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Characteristics of Formal Operational thought
- considers future implications of present behavior
- can hypothesize and theorize
- can consider many possibilities
- can fully understand abstract concepts and can think abstractly
- can reflect on one's own thought
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juvenile delinquency
any adolecent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal
court caseloads for males were three times higher than for females
female delinquency has increased more than male delinquency over the past 20 years
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What are the factors that promote juvenile delinquency
- 1) living in high crime neighborhoods and obseving others engaging in criminal activity
- 2) family discord
- 3) inappropriate and inconsistant discipline
- 4) physical abuse in the first five years of life
- 5)delinquent peers
- 6)low self-control
- 7)low intekkigence and low sustauned attention
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Depression
there is a high incidence of depression in adolescence and adolescent girls have higher rates of depression than adolescent boys
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Possible reasons for increased rates of depression in adolesecent girls
- females ruminate more than males
- females are subject to more discrimination than males
- puberty occurs early for females
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What are adolescent problems
delinquency, depression, suicide
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risk factors for developing depression
- depressed or emotionally unavaliable parents
- high marital conflict between parents
- family financial problems
- poor peer relationships
- problwms in romantic relationships
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suicide
3rh leading cause of death in 10 to 19 year olds
2005, 17% of high school students reported seriously thinking about or attempting suicide
females are more likely to attempt suicide, makes are more likely ti succeed
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What are the factors linked to suicide attempts
family instability and unhappyness
pressure for achievement, high control and lack of emotional support
suicide by person with a close genetic relationship
pshycological factors such as depressive symptoms, low self-esteem, hopelessness, ect
being overweight and preteen alcohol use are also linked to suicide attempts in adolescence
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stage of AIDS that the person has no symptoms, but can transmit the disease
20 to 30% in this stage will develop AIDS within 5 years
STAGE I (HIV+ and Asymptomatic
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stage of AIDS that a person has symptoms including
swollen glands
fatigue
weight loss
diarrhea
fever
night sweats
STAGE II (HIV+ and symptomatic
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stage of AIDS that the person has symptoms of AIDS plus one or more opportunistic infection like AIDS pneumnia or Kaposi's sarcoma
STAGE III (AIDS)
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this can have a long incubation period. Some researchers think that the incubation period can be 10 years or more. New drug treatments have been effective in slowing the onset of full-blown
AIDS
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when in early adulthood is the peak physical performance reached
between 19 and 26
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when are people the healthiest
early adulthood
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what are bad habbits picked up in early adulthood
- not eating breakfast or regular meals
- eating mostly smack and junk foods during the day
- eating excessively and exceedung the normal weight for our afe and height
- smoking at all or drinking moderately to excessively
- not exercising
- getting only a few hours of sleep on a regular basis
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the person loses 15% or more of body weight, but still feels fat
a) the weight loss is unrelated to any physical illness
b) the onset often follow an episode of dieting ans some kind of stress
c) the fashion image in the U.S is related to the incidence of this
Anorexia Nervosa
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this involves eating huge amounts of food(bingeing) and then purging by vomiting or using excessive laxatives
Bulimia
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drinking 5 or more drinks in a row(men) four or more in a row (women)
binge drinking
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the effects of binge drinking incluse
- missing classes
- phyaical injuries
- troubles with the police
- having unprotected sex
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How many people in the united states work
- A) 35% work 40 hours a week
- B) 18% work 51+ hours
- C) 10% work less than 30 hours a week
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HOw does work influence people
finacial standings, housinf, how people spend their time, where they live, their friendships, their health, and helps define their identity
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characteristics of workplace that are related to stress
- heavy workload, time pressure
- not involved with decision making
- high supervisor control
- job performancee
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What are the physical changes in middle adulthood
sight, bone loss, health status
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accomidation declines between 40 and 59
almost everyone will need glasses or lenses
changes in eyesight
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there is progressive loss of bine beginning in the early 40s
the loss increases around 59
women's bone loss is about double of mens
bone loss
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more time is spent worrying about health
health insurance is raised after 40
health status
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re the elading causes of death in middle adulthood
cancer and cardiovascular disease
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