Ch 14 Micro

A commensal bacterium
A) Does not receive any benefit from its host.
B) May be an opportunistic pathogen.
C) Is beneficial to its host.
D) B and D only.
E) Does not infect its host.

Which of the following statements is true?
A) A parasite is not in symbiosis with its host.
B) Symbiosis refers to different organisms living together and benefiting from each other.
C) Symbiosis refers to different organisms living together.
D) At least one member must benefit in a symbiotic relationship.
E) Members of a symbiotic relationship cannot live without each other.

A nosocomial infection is
A) Acquired during the course of hospitalization.
B) Only a result of surgery.
C) Always present but is inapparent at the time of hospitalization.
D) Always caused by pathogenic bacteria.
E) Always caused by medical personnel.

The major significance of Koch's work was that
A) Diseases can be transmitted from one animal to another.
B) Microorganisms can be cultured.
C) Microorganisms are present in a diseased animal.
D) Microorganisms cause disease.
E) Microorganisms are the result of disease.

Koch's postulates don't apply to all diseases because
A) Some microorganisms can't be observed.
B) Some microorganisms don't cause the same disease in laboratory animals.
C) Some microorganisms cause different symptoms under different conditions.
D) Not all diseases are caused by microorganisms.
E) Some microorganisms can't be cultured in laboratory media.

Which of the following diseases is NOT spread by droplet infection?
A) Common cold
B) Botulism
C) Tuberculosis
D) Measles
E) Diphtheria

Mechanical transmission differs from biological transmission in that mechanical transmission
A) Doesn't work with noncommunicable diseases
B) Doesn't involve specific diseases.
C) Doesn't require an arthropod.
D) Involves fomites.
E) Requires direct contact.

Which of the following definitions is incorrect?
A) Pandemic – a disease that affects a large number of people in the world in a short time
B) Epidemic – fraction of the population having a disease at a specified time
C) Sporadic – a disease that affects a population occasionally
D) Endemic – a disease that is constantly present in a population
E) Incidence – number of new cases of a disease

Which of these infections can cause septicemia?
A) Local infection
B) Focal infection
C) Systemic infection
D) Bacteremia
E) Septicemia

Which type of infection can be caused by septicemia?
A) Focal infection
B) Viremia
C) Local infection
D) Systemic infection
E) Bacteremia

Koch observed Bacillus anthracis multiplying in the blood of cattle. What is this condition called?
A) Bacteremia
B) Septicemia
C) Local infection
D) Focal infection
E) Systemic infection

Which one of the following does NOT contribute to the incidence of nosocomial infections?
A) Lapse in aseptic techniques
B) Gram-negative cell walls
C) Formation of biofilms
D) Lack of handwashing
E) Lack of insect control

Transient microbiota differ from normal microbiota because transient microbiota
A) Never cause disease.
B) Cause diseases.
C) Are present for a relatively short time.
D) Are acquired by direct contact.
E) Are found in a certain location on the host.

Which of the following statements about nosocomial infections is false?
A) They are caused by opportunists.
B) The patient was infected before hospitalization.
C) They occur in compromised patients.
D) They are caused by normal microbiota.
E) They are caused by drug-resistant bacteria.

One effect of washing regularly with antibacterial agents is the removal of normal microbiota. This can result in
A) No bacterial growth because washing removes their food source.
B) Normal microbiota returning immediately.
C) Fewer diseases.
D) Body odor.
E) Increased susceptibility to disease.

Which of the following is NOT a reservoir of infection?
A) A sick person
B) A healthy person
C) A sick animal
D) A hospital
E) All of the above can be reservoirs of infection.

Which of the following is NOT a communicable diseases?
A) AIDS
B) Malaria
C) Tuberculosis
D) Tetanus
E) Typhoid fever

Which of the following is a fomite?
A) Droplets from a sneeze
B) Insects
C) Water
D) A hypodermic needle
E) Pus

Which of the following statements about biological transmission is false?
A) The pathogen may require the vector as a host.
B) The pathogen may enter the host in the vector's feces.
C) The pathogen may be injected by the bite of the vector.
D) Houseflies are an important vector.
E) The pathogen reproduces in the vector.

Which of the following definitions is incorrect?
A) Inapparent – infection characteristic of a carrier state
B) Acute – a short-lasting primary infection
C) Chronic – a disease that develops slowly and lasts for months
D) Secondary infection – a long-lasting illness
E) Primary infection – an initial illness

Symptoms of disease differ from signs of disease in that symptoms
A) Are changes felt by the patient.
B) Are changes observed by the physician.
C) Are specific for a particular disease.
D) Always occur as part of a syndrome.
E) None of the above.

The science that deals with when diseases occur and how they are transmitted is called
A) Epidemiology.
B) Public health.
C) Morbidity and mortality.
D) Communicable disease.
E) Ecology.

Emergence of infectious diseases can be due to all of the following EXCEPT
A) Digging up soil.
B) Microbes trying to cause disease.
C) Antibiotic resistance.
D) Climatic changes.
E) Travel.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A) Malaria – vector
B) Salmonellosis – vehicle transmission
C) Syphilis – direct contact
D) Influenza – droplet infection
E) All of the above are correctly matched.

Which of the following can contribute to postoperative infections?
A) Using syringes more than once
B) Normal microbiota on the operating room staff
C) Errors in aseptic technique
D) Antibiotic resistance
E) All of the above

A cold transmitted by a facial tissue is an example of
A) Vector.
B) Droplet transmission.
C) Direct contact.
D) Fomite.
E) Vehicle transmission.

Influenza transmitted by an unprotected sneeze is an example of
A) Droplet transmission.
B) Direct contact.
C) Vehicle transmission.
D) Vector.
E) Fomite.

A sexually transmitted disease is an example of
A) Direct contact.
B) Vector.
C) Fomite.
D) Droplet transmission.
E) Vehicle transmission.

Gastroenteritis acquired from roast beef is an example of
A) Droplet transmission.
B) Direct contact.
C) Vector.
D) Fomite.
E) Vehicle transmission.

A needlestick is an example of
A) Fomite.
B) Direct contact.
C) Droplet transmission.
D) Vector.
E) Vehicle transmission.

Legionellosis transmitted by a grocery store mist machine is an example of
A) Droplet transmission.
B) Direct contact.
C) Vehicle transmission.
D) Fomite.
E) Vector.

Plague transmitted by a flea is an example of
A) Fomite.
B) Vehicle transmission.
C) Direct contact.
D) Vector.
E) Droplet transmission.

The most likely mode of transmission of pneumonic plague between humans is
A) Vector.
B) Vehicle transmission.
C) Droplet transmission.
D) Fomite.
E) Direct contact.

During a 6-month period, 239 cases of pneumonia occurred in a town of  300 people. A clinical case was defined as fever ≥39°C lasting >2 days with three or more symptoms (i.e., chills, sweats, severe headache, cough, aching muscles/joints, fatigue, or feeling ill). A laboratoryconfirmed case was defined as a positive result for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. Before the outbreak, 2000 sheep were kept northwest of the town. Of the 20 sheep tested from the flock, 15 were positive for C. burnetii antibodies. Wind blew from the northwest, and rainfall was 0.5 cm compared with 7 to 10 cm during each of the previous 3 years.36) Situation 14.1 is an example of
A) Human reservoirs.
B) A nonliving reservoir.
C) A zoonosis.

During a 6-month period, 239 cases of pneumonia occurred in a town of  300 people. A clinical case was defined as fever ≥39°C lasting >2 days with three or more symptoms (i.e., chills, sweats, severe headache, cough, aching muscles/joints, fatigue, or feeling ill). A laboratoryconfirmed case was defined as a positive result for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. Before the outbreak, 2000 sheep were kept northwest of the town. Of the 20 sheep tested from the flock, 15 were positive for C. burnetii antibodies. Wind blew from the northwest, and rainfall was 0.5 cm compared with 7 to 10 cm during each of the previous 3 years.In Situation 14.1, the etiologic agent of the disease is
A) Wind.
B) Sheep.
C) Coxiella burnetii.
D) Soil.
E) Pneumonia.

During a 6-month period, 239 cases of pneumonia occurred in a town of  300 people. A clinical case was defined as fever ≥39°C lasting >2 days with three or more symptoms (i.e., chills, sweats, severe headache, cough, aching muscles/joints, fatigue, or feeling ill). A laboratoryconfirmed case was defined as a positive result for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. Before the outbreak, 2000 sheep were kept northwest of the town. Of the 20 sheep tested from the flock, 15 were positive for C. burnetii antibodies. Wind blew from the northwest, and rainfall was 0.5 cm compared with 7 to 10 cm during each of the previous 3 years.
In Situation 14.1, the method of transmission of this disease was
A) Droplet.
B) Direct contact.
C) Indirect contact.
D) Vector-borne.
E) Vehicle.

Which one of the following is NOT an example of microbial antagonism?
A) Acid production by bacteria
B) Bacteria producing vitamin K
C) Bacteria causing disease
D) Bacteriocin production
E) Bacteria occupying host receptors

The yeast Candida albicans does not normally cause disease because of
A) Parasitic bacteria.
B) Other fungi.
C) Commensal bacteria.
D) Antagonistic bacteria.
E) Symbiotic bacteria.

 Haemophilus bacteria require heme protein produced by Staphylococcus bacteria. This is an example of
A) Synergism.
B) Antagonism.
C) Parasitism.
D) Competitive exclusion
E) Commensalism.

Which one of the following is NOT a zoonosis?
A) Cat-scratch disease
B) Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
C) Rabies
D) Tapeworm
E) All of the above are zoonoses.

Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. This is an example of a
A) Communicable disease.
B) Latent infection.
C) Nosocomial infection.
D) Sporadic disease.
E) None of the above.

Which one of the following statements is false?
A) USA100 accounts for most hospital-acquired MRSA.
B) Antimicrobial therapy for hemodialysis-associated infections increases antibiotic resistance.
C) The M in MRSA stands for mannitol.
D) S. aureus is differentiated from other mannitol+ cocci by the coagulase test.
E) USA300 accounts for most community-acquired MRSA.