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health psychology
emphasizes psychology's role in establishing and maintaining health and preventing and treating illness
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theory of reasoned action
- effective change requires:
- specific intentions about behaivor
- positive attitude about the new behavior
- perceptions of social group support
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stages of change
- precontemplation
- contemplation
- preperation/deteremination
- action/will power
- maintenance
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self efficacy
the individual's belief that they can master a situation and produce positive outcomes
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motivation
change is most effective when you are doing it for you; because you want to
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religious faith
provide a sense of meaning and buffer against the effects of stressful events
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stress
the pattern of responses an organism makes to stimulus events that disturb equlibrium and tax or exceed its ability to cope
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stressor
a stimulus event that places a demand on an organism for some kind of adaptive response
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chronic stress
a state of enduring arousal, in which demands placed on an organism are perceived by the organism as being greater than the inner and outer resources available for dealing w/ them
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fight or flight
linked with the amygdlya and involves a sequence of internal activity that prepare the body to either defend itself or to run away
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major life events
major changes in the life situation and are the root cause of stress for many individuals
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traumatic events
catastrophic events and are particularly stressful events due to uncontrollability, unpredictibility, and ambiguity
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PTSD
delayed reaction to stress that occurs repeatedly
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examples of chronic stressor
overpopulation, health crisis, polution, nuclear war
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examples of daily hassles including stressor
traffic, being late, getting a ticket
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cognitive appraisal
helps us to define a situation and assign a cognitive interpretation and evaluation of a stressor
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primary appraisal
used for initial evaluation of the seriousness of a demand
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secondary appraisal
begins teh process of deciding something must be done
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problem focused coping
attempts to change the stressor of ones' relationship to it through direct actions or problem solving activities
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aniticipatory coping
precedes a potentially stressful event
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positive ways to deal w/ stress
exercise, healthy diet
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type a personalities
competitive, agressive, work-a-holics
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type b personalities
laid back, easy going
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stages of stress
- alarm: fight or fligh
- resistance:body tries to tell us we have too much stress
- exhaustion:stress supresses the body's immune system
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psychological symptoms
- worry
- tenseness
- hoplessness
- sadness
- preoccupation
- irritablitity
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physiological symptoms
- muscle-tension
- hypertension
- heart problems
- ulcers
- chest pains
- migraines
- skin rashes
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behavioral symptoms
- indecision
- poor concentration
- giving up
- frantic pace
- difficulty getting along w/ others
- excessive eating, drinking
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emotional focused coping
responding to the stress- trying to manage one's emotional reaction- rather than focusing on the problem itself
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