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Centroradiulus (CEN) gene
found in snapdragon:
prevents terminal flower formation
suppresses FLO
Floricaula (FLO)
specifies floral meristem:
stimulates CEN to prevent terminal flowers from forming
Short day plants
flowering plants that are regulated by photoperiod (day length)
2 types of soluble photoreceptors that travel throughout plant
phytochromes-respond to red light (day)
cryptochromes-respond to blue light (night)
Short day/long night plants like poinsettia's require:
8 hours or less of light
Long day/short night plants require:
12 to 16 hours of light
Perfect flower contains 4 whorls
Whorl 1 (W1)-Sepals (Se)
Whorl 2 (W2)-Petals (Pe)
Whorl 3 (W3)-Stamens (St)
Whorl 4 (W4)-Carpels (Ca)
W1-Sepals
Green "leaves" at base of flower
W2-Petals
Petals of flower around W3 and W4
W3-Stamens
Within the flower on outside of pistil:
Anther-contains pollen sacs that produce mail gametes
Filament
W4-Carpels (pistil)
Very center of flower that is comprised of:
Stigma-top of pistil
Style-neck of pistil
Ovary with eggs-body of pistil
3 floral meristem identity genes that are responsible for the switch from inflorescent ot floral:
leafy (lfy)
apetala (ap1)
cauliflower (cal)
leafy (lfy)
A homolog of flo
A transcription factor
Moves between cells in meristem before activating other flower genes
ap1 and cal are closely related and redundant-would need a double mutant to resemble broccoli/cauliflower
ABC model for organ identity genes in Arabidopsis
Perfect flower
:
A required for sepals
A+B required for petals
B+C required for stamen
C required for carpel
7 mutants in ABC model
1-ABC gives leafs only
2-A mutants yield carpal and stamen
3-B mutants yield sepals and carpal
4-C mutants yield sepals and petals
5-B+C mutants yield all sepals
6-A+B mutants yield all carpals
7-A+C mutants yield hybrid petal and stamen
Sporophyte vs. Gametophyte generations-1
sporophyte-diploid, makes spores
gametophyte-haploid, makes gametes
Sporophyte vs. Gametophyte generations-2
Circle starting at bottom:
Fertilization-
Mitosis
-Sporophytes-Spore mother cell-
Meiosis
-Spores-
Mitosis
-Gametophytes-Gametes
Sporophyte-Angiosperm
sporophyte-makes spores
dominant generation in angiosperm
zygote produces seed (zygotes found in carpal)
carpal becomes fruit
fruit possibly eaten by animal
seeds deposited/seeds germinate
plant grows/plant produces flowers
Gametophyte-Microspores
minor generation
stamen produce pollen grains (microspores)
Pollen grain
Tube cell (n)-haploid, allows digestion of enzymes, allows for formation of generative cell
Generative cell (n)-located inside tube cell
Lands on stigma of pistil (may contain multiple carpals)
Gametophyte-Megaspores
One or more ovules attached by a "placenta" to the ovary wall
Fully developed ovules called seeds
Ovules produce 4 megaspores (n) (unequal cytokinesis)
4 Megaspores produced
3 of 4 will degenerate
4th megaspore (the largest) will mitotically divide producing 8 nuclei in 7 cells (embryo sac)
The cell with the 2 nuclei will fuse with a sperm cell and form:
the endosperm-this becomes the food source
Another of the 6 remaining cells with fuse with another sperm cell to form:
an embryo
Ovules contain 3 things:
Stalk-attachment
Nuclellus-nutritive tissue
Integaments-exclose the nuclellus
(Didn't go over much in class)
Embryo development:
Dicots have 2 cotyldons
Monocots have 1 cotyldon
Suspensor-support tissue (will get squashed)
Protoderm-epidermal layer of embryo
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Author
apeterson3474
ID
184319
Card Set
Dev. Bio
Description
Plants 2
Updated
2012-11-19T05:58:12Z
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