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Organic nutrients fall into 5 categories
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- lipids
- nubleic acids
- vitamins
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Inorganic nutrients
- water
- minerals like calcium, copper, and iron
- (serve as cofactors)
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Four types of biological micromolecules
- carbohydrates-glucose
- proteins-amino acid
- lipids-fatty acid
- nucleic acids-nuceotides
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Carbohydrates funtion
- energy source
- componenet of some proteins
- source of carbon
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proteins funtion
- provide amino acids to make new proteins
- build muscle
- some for energy source
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Lipids funtion
- major component of cell membranes
- enerty source
- thermal insulator
- building blocks of some hormones
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Nubleic acids funtion
provide sugars, bases, and phosphates that can be used to make DNA, RNA, and ATP
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Four groups of essential nutrients
- essential amino acids
- essential fatty acids
- vitamins
- minerals
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essential nutrients
we can not make. They must come from food.
nonessential nutrients: we can make
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Ways of obtaining food
suspension feeding
bulk feeding
fluid feeding
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suspension fedders
sift water, filtering out the organic matter and expelling the rest.
barnacles, shark, whale shark, coral
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bulk feeders
those who eat food in large pieces
carnivores
herbovores
ownivores
generally predators (in aquatic)
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accessory organs
- tongue
- teeth
- salivary glands
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas
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peristalsis
rhythmic, spontaneous waves of muscle contraction that begin near the mouth and end at the stomach.
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transepithelial transport
the transport of substances from the lumen to the blood
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Bile
made by liver. secreted by gall bladder.
It is an e mulsifier (it's made up of amphipathic moledules that, in effect, allow fatty acids to be somewhat 'dissolved" in water)
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