-
(alkene) == + 2H --(Pt, Pd, Ni)-> --- (alkane)
- alkene + hydrogen --Pt, Pd, Ni)--> alkane
- adding 2H
- syn addition
- catalytic hydrogenation
-
catalytic hydrogenation
- (alkene) == + 2H --(Pt, Pd, Ni)-> --- (alkane)
- alkene + hydrogen --Pt, Pd, Ni)--> alkane
- adding 2H
- syn addition
-
== + HX ----> ---
- alkene + hydrogen halide ---> alkyl halide
- Markovnikov (X adds to the carbon with more substitutions)
- addition of hydrogen halides
-
addition of hydrogen halides
- == + HX ----> ---
- alkene + hydrogen halide ---> alkyl halide
- Markovnikov (X adds to the carbon with more substitutions)
-
== + HOSO2OH ---> ---
- alkene + sulfuric acid ---> alkyl hydrogen sulfate
- Markovnikov (X adds to the carbon with less substitutions)
- addition of sulfuric acid
-
addition of sulfuric acid
- == + HOSO2OH ---> ---
- alkene + sulfuric acid ---> alkyl hydrogen sulfate
- Markovnikov (X adds to the carbon with less substitutions)
-
== + H-OH --acid (H+, H3O+)--> --- + alcohol
- alkene + water --acid--> alcohol, alkane
- Markovniknov (OH adds to the carbon with more substitutions)
- acid-catalyzed hydration
-
acid-catalyzed hydration
- == + H-OH --acid (H+, H3O+)--> --- + alcohol
- alkene + water --acid--> alcohol, alkane
- Markovniknov (OH adds to the carbon with more substitutions)
-
HX --peroxide--> ----
anti-markovnikov (X adds to the carbon with less substitutions)
-
alkene --B2H6, diglyme, H2O2--> alcohol
- 2-step sequence anti-Markovnikov (OH adds to the carbon with less substitutions)
- hydroboration-oxidation
-
hydroboration-oxidation
- alkene --B2H6, diglyme, H2O2--> alcohol
- 2-step sequence
- anti-Markovnikov (OH adds to the carbon with less substitutions)
-
halogen (X2) ---> X-C-C-X
- anti-addition
- addition of halogens
-
addition of halogens
- halogen (X2) ---> X-C-C-X
- anti-addition
-
=== + X2 --H2O--> OH-C-C-X (halohydrin) + HX
- alkene + halogen + water ---> halohydrin + hydrogen halide
- OH goes to most substituted, X goes to least substituted
- anti-addition
- halohydrin formation
-
Halohydrin formation
- === + X2 --H2O--> OH-C-C-X (halohydrin) + HX
- alkene + halogen + water ---> halohydrin + hydrogen halide
- OH goes to most substituted, X goes to least substituted
- anti-addition
-
== + RCOOOH (peroxyacid)--> Epoxide + COOH
- alkene + peroxyacid ---> Epoxide + Carboxilic acid
- syn addition
- Epoxidation
-
Epoxidation
- == + RCOOOH (peroxyacid)--> Epoxide + COOH
- alkene + peroxyacid ---> Epoxide + Carboxilic acid
- syn addition
-
Ozonelysis
- 2-step reaction
- O3 ---> Zn/H2O ---> aldehyde (C=O O=C)
-
O3 ---> Zn/H2O ---> aldehyde (C=O O=C)
- 2-step reaction
- Ozonelysis
|
|
