-
nitroglycerine
- increase coronary blood flow, increased myocardial oxygen supply
- decrease systemic blood pressure
- decreased myocardial oxygen demand
- ineffective orally- taken sublingual or percutaneous
- headaches
- hypotension
- reflex tachycardia
- short duration of action
-
verapamil
- reduces cardiac arhythmias by slowing conduction
- decreased blood pressure by dilating arteries
- reducing angina by reduced myocardial oxygen demand
- headache by causing vasodilation
- dizziness by causing hypotension
- constipation by relaxing smooth muscle of the gut
- muscle weakness by reducing skeletal muscle contraction
-
propanolol
- negative ionotropic and chronotropic effect
- decrease cardiac output
- decrease blood pressure
- contraindicated in asthmatics
-
digoxin
- increase cardiac efficiency
- increase renal perfusion and diuresis in edamatous patients
- prevent ventricular fibrilation during atrial fibrilation
- often monitored via clinical lab
-
atenolol
- negative ionoropic and chronotropic effect
- decrease cardiac output
- decrease blood pressure
- contraindicated in asthmatics
- easy outpatient medication
-
lisinopril
- vasodilation
- decreased blood pressure
- possible value in CHF
- orthostatic hypotension
-
simvastatin
- diminished risk of coronary artery disease
- myalgia
- muscle weakness, sarcopenia,
- myoglobinuria
- ocassional renal dysfunction
-
warfarin
- only works in vivo
- prevents or slows clot formation but doesnt reverse it
- must monitor clotting times to avoid overdose
- overdose causes excess bleeding and blood in the urine
- what could you use to treat and overdose
-
heparin
- effective in and outside the body
- hypersensitivity reactions
- excess bleeding with overdose
-
clopidogrel
- reduces incidence of myocardial infaction
- prevents peripheral vascular disease
-
furosemide
- heavy diuresis
- naturesis
- kaluresis
- hypokalemia
- dehydration
- weakness
- hypotension
- treat CHF and edema
-
triamterene
- off sets kaluresis of other diuretics
- alternative to potassium therapy
- used with other potassium wasting diuretics
-
hydrochloro-thiazide
- diuresis
- naturesis
- kaluresis
- used to treat edema
- used to treat hypertension
-
potassium
- replacement therapy following diuresis
- may produce hyperkalemia
- excess may cause bradicardia
-
codeine
- sedation
- constipation
- tolerance
- dependence if used for extended period
-
dextromethorphan
- occasional drowsiness
- usually combined with other cough/cold medications
- DM on label
-
phenylephrine
- constricts vessels in nasal passages
- constrics vessels in systemic circulation
- may vause hypertension
- use with caution in hypertensive patients
-
cetrizine
- reduce histamine induced inflammation
- drowsiness
- dry mouth
- mild bronchodilation
- reduced secretions of nasal passages and upper airway
-
montelukast
- effective only during an asthma attack
- reduces bronchoconstriction
- reduces edema
-
albuterol
- bronchodilation
- minimal tachycardia
- no effects on secretions
- stimulates beta 2 receptors throughout body
-
epinephrine
- rapid bronchodilation
- tachycardia
- vasoconstriction
- emergency use such as anaphylaxix
-
ipratropim
- bronchodilation (reduced parasympathetic tone
- xerostomia
- xeropthalmia
- constipation
- mydriasis
- no CNS side effects
-
corticosteroids
- hypoadrenalism
- infections
- CNS stimulation with insomnia
- fludi retention
-
levodopa
- sympatheomimetic side effects
- often given with carbidopa (a drug that prevents concersion of dopa to dopamine in periphery) to reduce sympathomimetic side effects
-
setaline
- similar action to other SSRIs
- side effects related to serotonin activity
- insomnia
- headache
- nausea
- dry mouth
-
venalfaxine
- side effects related to all of the neurotransmitters
- hyper or hypotension
- tachycardia
- insomnia
-
phenytoin
- accelerates metabolism of valproate, digoxin, steroids, vitamin K
- monitor plasma levels especially when changing formulations
- folate-related side effects and teratologies
-
gabapentin
- perscription several times daily
- perscription broad spectrum of seizures
-
hydrocodone
- pain is less objectionable
- depresses respiratory center, overdoes causes apnea
- physical and psychological dependance
- similar drugs like oxycodone and morphine
-
acetominophen
gastric distress major side effect
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