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Nitroglycerin
trade name
- Nitrolingual
- Nitrostat
- Nitrobid
- Tridil
-
Nitroglycerin
class
- Vasodilator
- Nitrate
- Antianginal
-
Nitroglycerin
mechanism of action
- Relaxes smooth muscles causing venous dilation
- Reduces preload and afterload to the heart
- Dilates the coronary arteries resulting in increased perfusion of the myocardium
-
Nitroglycerin
indications
- Chest pain of cardiac origin
- Acute pulmonary edema
-
Nitroglycerin
contraindications
- Blood pressure less than 100 mmHg systolic
- Patients who have taken Erectile Dysfunction medications in the last 24-48 hours
- Signs and symptoms of head trauma (increased intracranial pressure) or cerebral hemorrhage
- Poor systemic perfusion
-
Nitroglycerin
side effects
- Cardiovascular: hypotension, bradycardia, rebound hypertension/tachycardia, palpitations
- Neurological: headache
- Other: flushed skin, sublingual burning
-
Nitroglycerin
precautions
Monitor blood pressure closely for signs of hypotension (before and after administration)
-
Nitroglycerin
interactions
Use with caution with patients who already use vasodilators, alcohol, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers and phenothiazides
-
Nitroglycerin
routes
SL, TM (transmucosal), transdermal (nitropaste)
-
Nitroglycerin
onset and duration
Onset in 1-3 minutes and may last 30-60 minutes
-
Nitroglycerin
dosages
- Adult: 0.4 mg as a single spray or single tablet. May repeat every 3-5 minutes
- Pediatric: not recommended
-
Nitroglycerin
notes
- Do not shake canister if administered as a spray as it will altered the metered dose in a single spray
- Do not have patient inhale drug on administration as it will alter absorption rate
- Establish IV prior to or immediately following administration to combat hypotension if necessary
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