ch. 50 oxygenation

abnormal breath sounds

absence of any breathing

collapsed alveoli

shallow breaths interrupted by apnea

marked rhthmic waxing and waning of respirations, from very shallow to very deep, with short periods of apnea

abnormally slow breathing

bluish discoloration of the skin, nailbeds, and mucous membranes

movement of gases from an area of greater pressure to an area of lower pressure

lung disorder cahracterized by elevated carbon dioxide levels, barrel chested appearance, and a hypoxic drive as main stimuli for respiration

red blood cells

normal respirations

spit out

the percentage of blood that is erythrocytes

oxygen carrying red pigment

accumulation of blood in the pleural space

devices that add water vapor to inspired air

increased levels of CO2

hypercapnia

involves giving patient breaths of greater volume than set on ventilator or via manual resuscitation bag

performed by increasing oxygen flow before and after suctioning attempts

increasing the number of breaths the patient is receiving

low levels of oxygen in the blood

measure flow of air inhaled through mouthpiece; used to improve pulmonary ventilation

pressure in the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs

pressure within the lungs

form of hyperventilation that accompanies metabolic acidosis

stretchability of lung tissue

continual tendency of the lungs to collapse away from the chest wall

used for patients with excessive secretions; assists in loosening mucus

use of a mask that delivers pressurized oxygen without need for invasive tube

inability to breathe easily unless sitting upright

compound of oxygen and hemoglobin carried to tissues

pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture according to its concentration

excessive fluid in the pleural space

air collected in the pleural space

drainage by gravity of secretions from various lung segments

where gas exchange occurs between air on alveolar side and blood on the capillary side

coughed-up material

harsh, high-pitched sound during inspriations

aspirating secretions through a catheter connected to a suction machine or wall suction outlet

lipoprotein that reduces surface tension in lungs without it lung expansion is exceedingly difficult

faster than normal breathing

the amount of air inspired and expired with each breath

millimeters of mercury

series of vigorous quiverings produced by hands that are placed flat against the patient's chest wall

difficult or labored breathing

insufficient oxygen anywhere in the body