-
Gram Negative Sepsis
cell wall of many gram-negative bacteria contain endotoxins that are released upon lysis (membrane dissolution) of the cell
causes a severe drop in blood pressure
administration of antibiotics may aggravate the condition by causing the lysis of large numbers of bacteria that release more endotoxins
-
puerperal sepsis
nosocomial infection
infection of the uterus and is a result of childbirth or abortion
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
endocarditis
an inflammation of the endocardium (innermost layer of tissue lining the heart)
-
subacute bacterial endocarditis
symptoms: fever, general weakness, and heart murmur
usually caused by alpha-hemolytic sstreptococci such as are common in the oral cavity
-
acute bacterial endocarditis
people whose heart valves are abnormal because of either congenital heart defects or such disease as rheumatic fever and syphilis, the bacteria lodge in the pre-existing lesions
within the lesions the bacteria multiply and become entrapped in blood clots that protect them from phagocytes and antibodies
usually caused by staphylococcus aureus
-
rheumatic fever
streptooccus pyogenes
age 4-18 and often follows an episode of streptococcal sore throat
damages the valves
-
anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
large aerobic gram + endospore, capable of multiplying in and destroying macrophages, tx of choice is cipro or doxycycline
-
gengrene
clostridium, thrive on dead cells from ischemic tissues, organisms produce enzymes that degrade collagen and spread the disease to adjacent tissues, Tx surgical removal of necrotic tissue removal of necrotic tissue
-
lyme disease
- Borrelia burgdorferi, vector
- tickborne, prevalent on Altlantic coast,
- reservoir field mice, symptoms include rash at bite site, clears in the center as it expands to
- 15cm
Tx antibiotics, w/o Tx can effect the heart and nervous system
-
typhus
rickettsias
vector Pediculus humanus corporis
- symptoms small red spots, subcutaneous
- hemorrhaging from blood vessel invasion
Tx , tetracycline, chloramphenicol
-
spotted fever
rickettsias
- vector: ticks, passed through
- transovarian passage
symptoms: rash on palms and soles, fever, headache
Tx: tetracycline and chloramphenicol-
-
infectious mononucleosis
Epstien Barr-Virus
self limiting, seldom fatal,
MOT transfer: of saliva
symptoms: throat infection
-
yellow fever
yellow fever virus, zoonotic
vector: mosquito
signs and symptoms: jaundice, fever, chills
Tx: vaccine
-
dengue fever
viral, not zoonotic
vector: mosquito
milder than yellow fever, rash, musle, and joint pain
Tx: vaccine
-
lassa fever
hanta virus, spread through human body fluid
reservoir: rodent
manifests as fatal pulmonary infection filling lungs with fluid
-
malaria
protozoan Plasmodium
vetor: mosquito
symptoms: chills, fever, vomiting, headache
Tx: quinine derivatives
-
Plasmodium vivax
most prevalent
-
Plasmodium ovale and malariae
usually benign, lower incidence
-
Plasmodium falciparum
most dangerous, cerebral marlaia
|
|