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When is puberty in gilts (female pigs no babies yet)?
7 months
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When is the best estrus to breed gilts on?
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How long does estrus last in the sow?
~53 hours
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How long is the inter-estrus interval?
~21days
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When is PGF2alpha refractory in the sow?
until day 12
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What does boar exposure do for litter size and estrus?
- increases litter size
- speeds up estrus
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When is ovulation after heat seen?
40 hours after estrus/heat
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What does suckling and lactation do for cyclic activity?
- supresses it
- weaning earlier results in ovarian abnormalities
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Do pigs have follicular waves?
no follicular waves
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What is the pregnancy marker in the sow?
estrogen- its the signal for maternal recognition too
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How many conceptuses are needed for establishment of pregnancy?
4 conceptuses needed
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Pregnancy is maintained by the CL or the placenta?
CL maintains pregnancy
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When is the best time to inseminate a sow?
- 8 hours before ovulation
- (therefore 12-36 hrs after estrus starts)
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What percent of sows farrow at night?
60-70%
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How do you often know the sow is done with parturition?
she stands and urinates
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What is the normal stillbirth rate in farrowings? when is the rate increased?
- 3-6% stillbirths= normal
- increased rate in litter size <4 and >14
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What are some signs that farrowing is near?
- milk release ~24 hrs before
- nesting, relaxing vulva
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What is the procedure for using prostaglandins to induce farrowing?
- inject 2-3 days before you want farrowing
- they farrow 24-36 hrs after injection
- safe after day 110
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What are the two most common reasons for pig dystocia?
- inertia
- oversize/malpresentation
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If abortion occurs before 35 days what happens?
resorption becuse this is before skeletalization
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What happens if abortion occurs after 35 days?
mummification = >35d gestation
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The viral causes of abortion often result in what?
- mummification
- (remember this is sterile)
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There are 3 groups of infectious infertility- what is Group 1?
- opportunists
- (staph, strep, Erysipelothrix, Eperythrozoon, Arcanobacter, salmonella, pasteurella, fungi, escheria)
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What is Group 2 of infectious infertility?
- contagious causes
- (teschoviruses, porcine parvovirus)
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What is group 3 of infectious infertility?
- significant diseases- some are zoonotic
- control by slaughter or vaccination
- (PRRS, African Swine fever, Hog Cholera, Brucellosis, lepto, venereal, Aujesky's)
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PRRS is otherwise known as what disease?
"Blue eared pig disease"
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Is Autumn Abortion Syndrome infectious?
No- this is a non infectious cause of infertility
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Why does Autumn Abortion Syndrome occur?when does it happen?
- unknown cause- could be many things
- from Sept-Dec from 30-110days gestation
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What are the clinical signs and pathologic lesions with Autumn abortion syndrome?
- no clinical signs
- no pathological lesions
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Is there such a thing as too much nutrition?
YES- a high plane of nutrition can decrease alive ambryps and decrease their survival
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What is the average weaning to estrus interval?
3-14 days (aim for 7 days)
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What effects the weaning to estrus interval?
boar, lactation length, suckling, removing the biggest piglets, nutrition, genetics, light ect
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What is split weaning?
- removing the heaviest piglets from nursing on the sow therefore weaning them first
- helps the milk stress on the mom
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What are some similar signs to Hypogalactia?
- Dysgalactia
- MMA= metritis, mastitis, agalactia
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What are some causes of hypogalactia?
- coliform mastitis
- endotoxemia
- uterine infections
- stress
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What are some risk factors for sows to get hypogalactia?
- fat sows
- housing
- nutrition
- urinary infections
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What are some clinical signs of hypogalactia?
- not eating
- vulvular dischage
- pyrexia >103 F
- delayed parturition
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How can I treat hypogalactia?
- Grem neg antibiotics
- induce parturition
- oxytocin
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What do the piglets look like from a hypogalactic sow?
- weight loss later
- increased mortality
- diarrhea and restlessness in first 3 days
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