-
Vitamin A (Retinol, Retinal, Retinoic Acid, Beta-Carotene)
- fat soluble
- Active form= Retinol, retinal, retinoic Acid
- Vision, maintenance of reproduction, skin, hair
- Deficiency = Blindness
- beta carotene transfers into vitamin A
- TOXIC can increase fractures
-
Vitamin E (alpha-Tocopherol)
- fat soluble and antioxidant.
- Active forms = tocopherols
- Antioxidant activity, Maintain integrity of cellular membranes
- Deficiency(rare)= atherosclerosis, RBC fragility
- not toxic
-
Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol, Ergocalciferol)
- Fat soluble
- Active forms = 1,25-Dihydroxy-cholecalciferol
- promotes absorption of calcium and phosphates
- deficiency = bone defects, Rickets
- Not Toxic
-
Vitamin K (Menadione, Menaquinone, Phylloquinone)
- fat soluble
- Active forms = Menadione, Menaquinone, Phylloquinone
- Blood clotting factor
- deficiency(rare) = warfarin
- Rarely Toxic
- found in plants
-
Isoprenoids
- vitamins E and A
- Ubiquinone
-
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
- antioxidant
- regenerates vitamin E
- deficiency = scurvy, poor healing, tooth loss, bone pain, heart failure
- not toxic
-
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
- water soluble
- Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
- metabolism of AA fatty acids and carbs
- activates B6
- not toxic, dark urine
- Deficiency = eye skin problems, mouth inflammation
-
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
- water soluble
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
- energy metabolism, digestion, healthy nervous system
- synthesized from tryptophan
- Deficiency = pellagra (4 D's) (Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death) (Alcoholics)
- Not toxic
-
Vitamin B6
- water soluble
- Pyridoxy Phosphate (PLP)
- cell growth, needed for more than 100 enzymes
- Deficiency (rare)= anemia
- TOXIC
-
Vitamin B12 (cobalamine)
- water soluble
- 5'- deoxyadenosly-cobalamin
- builds new proteins, RBC's, healthy nerves
- deficiency = pernicous anemia , nervous system impairment
- Not Toxic
- first organometallic biological molecule (cobalt)
-
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic Acid)
- water soluble
- Coenzyme A
- energy metabolism
- Deficiency = burning feet syndrome fatigue irritablility
- a carrier of carbon fragments such as acetate
- Not toxic
-
Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
- Water soluble
- Biotin lysine complexes (byocytin)
- metabolism of carboyxlation-reactions
- deficiency (rare) = (too many egg whites) long term antibiotics
- not toxic
-
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
- Thiamine Pyrophosphate
- carbon metabolism
- deficiency causes beriberi, wernicke-Korsakoff
- not toxic
-
Folate (folic acid)
- Tetrahydrofolate
- normal digestion, developement of RBC's
- deficiency = megaloblastic anemnia, neural tube birth defects
- Not toxic
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