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What is fibrosarcoma composed of?
- spindle cells, multinucleated giant cells and histiocytic cells
- lymphocytic inflammation may be present
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What do spindle cells from fibrosarcoma look like?
very large with abundant, basophilic cytoplasm
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What is fibrosarcoma?
malignant tumor of connective tissue
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What does fibrosarcoma grossly feel like?
firm, cutaneous, well defined mass
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What does the nuclei of cells look like on a cytology of fibrosarcoma?
large, oval, have finely stippled chromatin and may have several nucleoli
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What is the injection site tumor in cats?
fibrosarcoma
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When do we often see basal cell tumors?
common skin tumor in middle-aged dogs and cats
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What is the most common skin tumor in cats?
basal cell tumor
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Where on the body do we often see basal cell tumors on the body?
head, neck, and shoulder
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Is ulceration common with basal cell tumors?
yes
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What does the cytology of basal cell tumor look like?
- small clusters, cords or ribbons of small uniform epithelial cells
- cells have a high N:C ratio with scant basophilic cytoplasm
- there is minimal variation in N:C ratio, cell size, and nuclear size
- these cells are often broken
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Are basal cell tumors usually benign or malignant?
benign
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What does a cytology of transmissible venereal tumors look like?
- cytoplasm: moderate amount of smoky to light blue with distinct boundaries
- many clear, distinctly walled vacuoles within cytoplasm with extracellularly
- nuclei: round, show moderate variation in size with 1 or 2 very prominent, large nucleoli
- chromatin: coarse, cord like
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Where on the body do we see transmissible venereal tumors?
genitalia and lips of bred dogs
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Is melanoma benign or malignant?
can be either
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Is melanoma common in dogs and cats?
- common in dogs
- rare in cats
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Where on dogs do we usually find melanoma?
- cutaneous - usually benign
- lips, oral, digit - usually malignant
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What does melanoma look like on a cytology?
- moderate cellularity with small to moderate blood
- most cells individual
- round, oval, stellate, spindle shaped cells
- cytoplasm - moderate to abundant that contain granules (brown to green-black), granules may be absent
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What kind of tumor is melanoma?
discrete cell tumor
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Other than melanoma being common in dogs, what other animal is it common in?
grey horses
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What does a cytology of a mast cell tumor look like?
- abundance of distinct cytoplasmic granules that may obscure the nucleus
- granules are round to oval, numerous and stain blue to purple-red
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What do we need to differentiate mast cell tumors from? How do we tell the difference?
- mast cell tumors must be differentiated from inflammatory processed that contain mast cells
- the presence of inflammatory cells (neutrophils and macrophages) is important observations in this case
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What is the most common skin tumor in dogs?
mast cell tumor
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What is the second most common skin tumor in cats?
mast cell tumor
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Where on the dogs body do we typically find malignant mast cell tumors?
- perineum
- groin
- around muzzle
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What is the prognosis for mast cell tumors?
poor
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Do mast cell tumors have high or low cellularity?
high
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What types of cells do we see on a cytology of mast cell tumors?
- mast cells (predominant cell)
- eosinophils and fibroblasts (spindle "elongated" or stellate "star" shapes)
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Where do we find transitional cell carcinoma?
- urine sediment
- dry prep stained with diff quik
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What types of animals are transitional cell carcinoma common in?
aged dogs and rarely in cats
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What does a cytology of transitional cell carcinoma look like?
- large cells with abundant cytoplasm are often interspersed with groups of cells that have higher N:C ratios
- nuclei are round to oval with coarse chromatin which is a common cytomorphological feature in the urethelial system
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Which tumor is common in young dogs?
histiocytoma
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Are histiocytomas benign or malignant?
usually benign
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Can histiocytomas get better on their own?
yes
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What does a cytology of a histiocytoma look like?
- slightly larger than neutrophils
- moderate amount of pale blue cytoplasm that may stain lighter than the background if a significant amount of proteinaceous background is present
- nuclei are round/oval/irregular with finely etched, lacy or finely stipples chromatin
- may contain multiple, small, indistinct nucleoli
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What can histiocytoma be confused with?
lymphoma
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What are dermal plasma cell tumors called?
plasmacytoma
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Where do we often see plasmacytomas on the body?
- facial regions
- digits
- mouth
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What does a cytology of plasmacytoma look like?
- plasma cells or discrete cells
- perinuclear clear zones may not be present despite characteristic eccentric nuclei
- multinucleated cells are common
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What is the second type of plasma cell tumor and where is it found?
- multiple myeloma
- found in the bone marrow, liver and spleen
- these tumors have an abundance of plasma cells
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What does a cytology of a mammary gland adenocarcinoma look like?
- cells occur singly and in clusters
- round with a round to oval, eccentrically placed nucleus
- cytoplasm variablyl sized that occasionally contains vacuoles with secretory product
- cell borders are indistinct
- nuclear giant forms may be present
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What does a cytology of a sarcoma look like?
- spindle shapped or stellate cells with tapering extensions of blue cytoplasm
- cell borders are indistinct and nuclei are typically oval and placed near the center of the cell
- chromatin can be moderatly condensed to finely reticular
- nucleoli can be inapparent or very prominent and large
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fibrosarcoma
- spindle cells and multinucleated giant cells
- the spindle cells can be very large and have abundant, basophilic cytoplasm
- nuclei are large, oval, have finely stippled chromatin and may have several nucleoli
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fibrosarcoma
- spindle cells and multinucleated giant cells
- spindle cells can be very large and have abundant, basophilic cytoplasm
- nuclei are large, oval, have finely stippled chromatin and may have several nucleoli
-
fibrosarcoma
- spindle cells and multinucleated giant cells
- spindle cells can be very large and have abundant, basophilic cytoplasm
- nuclei are large, oval, have finely stippled chromatin and may have several nucleoli
-
basal cell tumor
- small clusters, cords, or ribbons of small uniform epithelial cells
- cells have a high N:C ratio with basophilic cytoplasm
- there is minimal variation in N:C ratio, cell size, and nuclear size
-
basal cell tumor
- small clusters, cords, or ribbons of small uniform epithelial cells
- cells have a high N:C ratio with basophilic cytoplasm
- there is minimal variation in N:C ratio, cell size, and nuclear size
-
transmissible venereal tumors
- discrete cell tumor
- cytoplasm: moderate amount of smoky to light blue with distinct boundaries
- many clear, distinctly walled vacuoles within cytoplasm
- nuclei: round, show moderate variation in size with 1 or 2 very predominant, large nucleoli
- chromatin: coarse, cord like
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transmissible venereal tumors
- discrete cell tumor
- cytoplasm: moderate amount of smoky to light blue with distinct boundaries
- many clear, distinctly walled vacuoles within cytoplasm
- nuclei: round, show moderate variation in size with 1 or 2 very predominant, large nucleoli
- chromatin: coarse, cord like
-
transmissible venereal tumors
- discrete cell tumor
- cytoplasm: moderate amount of smoky to light blue with distinct boundaries
- many clear, distinctly walled vacuoles within cytoplasm
- nuclei: round, show moderate variation in size with 1 or 2 very predominant, large nucleoli
- chromatin: coarse, cord like
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melanoma
- moderate cellularity with small to moderate blood
- most cells individual
- round, oval, stellate, spindle shaped
- cytoplasm: moderate to abundant that contain granules (brown to green-black)
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melanoma
- moderate cellularity with small to moderate blood
- most cells individual
- round, oval, stellate, spindle shaped
- cytoplasm: moderate to abundant that contain granules (brown to green-black)
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melanoma in grey horse
- moderate cellularity with small to moderate blood
- most cells individual
- round, oval, stellate, spindle shaped
- cytoplasm: moderate to abundant that contain granules (brown to green-black)
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-
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transitional cell tumor
- cells exfoliate as individuals or in cluster
- large cells with abundant cytoplasm with cells that have a higher N:C ratio
- multinucleation
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transitional cell carcinoma
- cells exfoliate as individuals or in clusters
- large cells with abundant cytoplasm interspersed with cells that have a higher N:C ratio
- multinucleation is common
-
transitional cell carcinoma
- cells exfoliate as individuals or in clusters
- large cells with abundant cytoplasm are often interspersed with groups of cells that have higher N:C ratio
- multinucleation is common
-
histiocytoma
- slightly larger than neutrophils
- discrete-cell pattern: round cell tumor that yields high numbers of small to medium round cells that are individually distributed across the smear
- moderate amount of plae blue cytoplasm that may stain lighter than the background if a significan amount of proteinaceous background is present
- if a proteinaceous background is present, cell borders may be difficult to discern
- nuclei are round/oval/irregular with finely etched, lacy or finely stipples chromatin
- may contain multiple, small, indistinct nucleoli
-
histiocytoma
- slightly larger than neutrophils
- discrete-cell pattern: round cell tumor that yields high numbers of small to medium round cells that are individually distributed across the smear
- moderate amount of pale blue cytoplasm that may stain lighter than the background if a significant amount of proteinaceous backgrount is present
- if a proteinaceous background is present, cell borders may be difficult to discern
- nuclei are round/oval/irregular with finely etched, lacy or finely stipples chromatin
- may contain multiple, small, indistinct nucleoli
-
-
mammary gland adenocarcinoma
- cells occur singly and in clusters
- round with a round to oval, eccentrically placed nucleus
- cytoplasm: variably sized that occasionally contains vacuoles
- cell borders are indistinct
- nuclear giant forms may be present
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-
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glandular cell (foam cell)
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