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What is the appendicular skeleton?
Bones of the upper and lower limbs and the bones that anchor them to the axial skeleton.
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What is the axial skeleton?
Parts that support and protect the organs of the head, neck and trunk
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What 2 bones make up the shoulder girdle?
Humerus, Clavicle and Scapula
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What 3 bones make up the pelivic girdle?
Ilium, Ischium and pubis
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What 3 bones make up the elbow joint?
Humerus, Radius and Ulna
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What are the true ribs?
The first 7 pair
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What are the false ribs?
The 5 pair under the true ribs
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What are the floating ribs?
The lower 2 or 3 pair
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What does the spine protect?
spinal cord
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What do the ribs protect?
the heart
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How many vertebrae are in the adult spine?
24
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What structure separates and cushions adjacent vertebrae?
Intervertebral disc
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What structure is found in the intervertebral foramen?
spinal nerves
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How many vertebrae typically fuse to form the adult sacrum?
5
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What is the origin of a muscle?
The less movable end of the muscle
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What is the insertion of a muscle?
The more movable end of the muscle
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What is flexion?
- Decrease of an angle
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What is extension?
- Increase of an angle
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What is abduction?
- Movement away from the midline
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What is adduction?
- Movement toward the midline
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What is circumduction?
- Circular movement
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What is rotation?
Movement of part around its long axis (swivel arm at elbow medially or laterally)
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What is the main action of the frontalis muscle?
Raises eyebrows
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What is the main action of the orbicularis oculi muscle?
Closes eye as in blinking
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What is the main action of the zygomaticus muscle?
Raises corner of mouth as when smiling
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What is the main action of the masseter muscle?
Elevates the mandible
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What is the main action of the temporalis muscle?
Elevates the mandible
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What is the main action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Pulls head to one side, flexes nekc or elevates sternum
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What is the main action of the trapezius muscle?
Rotates, raises, pulls scapula medially or pulls scapula and shoulder downward
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What is the main action of the biceps brachii muscle?
Flexes elbow and rotates hand laterally
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What is the main action of the brachialis muscle?
Flexes elbow
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What is the main action of the triceps brachii muscle?
Extends elbow
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What is the main action of the pectoralis major muscle?
Flexes, adducts and rotates arm medially
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What is the main action of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
extends, adducts, and rotates the arm medially, or pulls the shoulder downward and back
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What is the main action of the deltoid muscle?
Abducts, extends and flexes the arm
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What is the main action of the external oblique muscle?
Tenses abdominal wall and compresses abdominal contents
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What is the main action of the internal oblique muscle?
Tenses abdominal wall and compresses abdominal contents
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What is the main action of the transversus abdominus muscle?
Tenses abdominal wall and compresses abdominal contents
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What is the main action of the rectus abdominus muscle?
Tenses abdominal wall and compresses abdominal contents and also flexes vertebral column
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What is the main action of the gracilis muscle?
Adducts thigh and flexes knee
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What is the main action of the gluteus maximus muscle?
Extends hip
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What is the main action of the adductor muscle group?
Adducts and flexes the thigh
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What is the main action of the hamstring muscle group (biceps, femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosis)?
Flexes knee, rotates leg medially and laterally and extends thigh
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What is the main action of the quadriceps muscle group (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and vastus intermedius)?
Extends the knee and the rectus femoris flexes the thigh
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What is the main action of the Tibialis anterior muscle?
Doriplexion and inversion of foot
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What is the main action of the gastrocnemius muscle?
Plantarflexion of the foot and flexes the knee
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What is the main action of the soleus muscle?
Plantarflexion of the foot
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