NRS110 Exam #3

• Is a Fragile Virus
• Contact with infected fluid-blood
• Semen
• Vagina Secretion
• Breast milk
• Sexual transmission
• Contact w/ blood & blood product

• The numbers of virus in the plasma
• Is the important variable in transmission
• Large amount of the HIV can be found in the blood during the first 6 months of infection
• And again during the late stage of the disease

• Not spread casually
• Not transmitted through tear, saliva, urine, emesis, sputum, feces, or sweat
• Healthcare worker have a low risk of acquiring HIV at work even after a needle stick injury
• Most common mode: sexual contact
• Sharing of needles major means in large cities
• Needle stick expoxure: 0.3%-0.4%
• Perinatal transmission route of infection in children

• HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Retrovirus: replicated in a backward manner RNA-DNA
• B-cell: initially make HIV antibodies (to stop the disease)
• T-4 (CD4) cell: T-helper cells-eventually the ability of HIV to destroy CD4+T cells exceed th ebody ability to replaces the cells
• T8 cell: T-suppressor cell-AIDS -CD4+ to CD8 ratio of 2:1 reverse with AIDS

• Fever
• Swoolen Lympnodes
• Sore Throat
• Headache
• Malaise
• Nause
• Muscle and joint pain
• Diarrhea
• Diffuse Rash
• 1-3 week after initial infection-- and last for 1-2 weeks
• High level of HIV in the blood is noted
• CD4+T cells count FALLs temporarily

• CD4+T lymphocyte count remains above 500cells/ul
• (normal or slightly decrease)
• Viral load is LOW
• Asymptomatic part of disease symptoms like:
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Low grade level fever
• Night sweats
• Persistent generalized Lympphadenopathy

These individual do not realize they are sick, and what impact does this have on the communicable of the disease

• CD4+T ceels count drops from 500-200 cells/ul
• Viral load RISES
• Symptomatic stage
• Symptoms from the early stage worsen
• Persisten fever
• Frenquent drenching night sweat
• Chronic Diarrhea
• Recurrent headache
• Severe Fatigue
• Most common infections:
• Thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis)
• Shingles
• Persistent Candian infection
• Genital Herpes
• Kaposi's sarcoma
• Oral hairy leukoplakia EB virus indicateor of disease progression

• Education
• Culture Specific teaching intervention
• STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

• CD4+T below 200 cells/ul
• Development of an opportunistic infection (OI's):
• Fungal-pneumocytis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
• Bacteria-mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Development of an opportunistic cancers:
• Kaposi's sarcoma
• Lymphoma
• Wasting syndrome-loss of 10% of body weight
• Dementia develops

• Have You Ever?
• 1) had a blood transfusion or clotting factor?
• 2) shared drug-using equipment with an another person?
• 3) had a sexual experience in which your penis, vagina, rectum, or mouth came into contact w/another person' s PVRM ?
• 4) had a sexual transmitted disease?

• Positive HIV assay (EIA or ELISA)
• Detectable load levels by bDNA
• PCR decrease CD4+T lymphocyte
• Reversal of CD4: CD8 ratio (2:1)
• Decrease WBC count
• Lympopenia
• Anemia
• Thrombotopenia
• Electrolite imbalanced
• Abnormal liver function test

• Pre and Posttest counseling
• (if the test is (+) do you have anyone to talk to?)
• ELISA test 2x, if positive then
• Western blot (standard test of HIV)
• Retest schedule

• Decrease HIV RNA levels to less than 50 copies/ul
• (undetectable levels are preferred)
• Maintain or raise CD4+T cells count >200 cels/ul immune reconstitute
• Delay the develop of HIV related symptoms

• Initial Response to diagnosis
• Antiviral therapy -3-20 pills/day
• Beepers
• Timers
• Pillboxers
• 2-4 weeks after the start on drug therapy (or change therapy)

Work by affecting different points of the replication cycle

• Inhibit the ability of the virus to make a DNA copy in replication
• Block the process to convert HIV RNA into HIV DNA

Inhibits the abilty of the virus to reproduce production of the new HIV DNA incomplete

Inhibit the action reverse transcriptase

Interfere with the activity