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What are the signs of dehydration?
- <5%: not detectable
- 5-6%: mild loss of skin elasticity
- 6-8%: definate loss of skin elasticity; possibly dry MM and sunken globes in orbit
- 8-10%: Persistent skin tent w/ slow return
- 10-12%: persistent skin tent, depressed globes, dry MM, CRT >2 secs, tachycardia
- 12-15%: signs of shock, death
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What are the normal vital signs of the dog and cat?
- Body Temp: 100o - 102.5o (dog & cat)
- HR: 60 - 180 bpm (dog), 120 - 240 bpm (cat)
- Heart Rhythm: NSR or SA (dog), NSR (cat)
- RR: 10 - 30 breaths/min or panting (dog), 15 - 30 breaths/min (cat)
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Major Effects of Anticholinergics (Parasympatholytics): Atropine & Glycopyrrolate
- Major Effects:
- - Prevention of bradycardia
- - Increased HR
- - Reduction of respiratory, GI, salivary and lacrimal secretions
- - Mydriasis
- - Bronchodilatation
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Major Adverse Effects of Anticholinergics (Parasympatholytics): Atropine & Glycopyrrolate
- Adverse Effects:
- - Cardiac arrhythmias
- - Thickening of respiratory & salivary secretions
- - Ileus
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Major Effects of Phenothiazine Tranquilizer/Sedative: Acepromazine
- - Calming, sedation
- - Peripheral vasodilatation
- - Antiarrhythmic effects
- - Antiemetic effects
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Major Adverse Effects of Phenothiazine Trainquilizer/Sedative: Acepromazine
- - Decrease seizure threshold
- - Hypotension
- - Penile prolapse
- - Decreased PCV
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Major Effects of the Benzodiazepine Tranquilizers: Diazepam, Zolazepam & Midazolam
- Major Effects:
- - Antianxiety & calming in old or ill patients
- - Anticonvulsant
- - Skeletal muscle ralaxations
- - Appetite stimulant in cat & ruminants
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Major Adverse Effects of the Benzodiazepine Tranquilizers: Diazepam, Zolazepam & Midazolam
- Major Adverse Effects:
- - Disorientation and excitement in young, healthy dogs
- - Dysphoria & aggression in cats
- - Ataxia & recumbancy in large animals
- - Muscle fasciculations in horses
- - Pain upon IM injection of Diazepam
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