-
immovable joint
synarthrosis
-
slightly movable joint
amphiarthrosis
-
freely movable
diarthrosis
-
types of joints
- Fibrous Articulations
- Cartilaginous joints
- synovial joints
-
Fibrous Articulations
- lack synovial cavity
- bones held closely by fibrous connective tissue
- little or no movement
-
3 structural Types of Fibrous Articulations
- sutures
- syndesmoses
- gomphoses
-
sutures
- thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissues unite bones of skull
- immovable
- completely fused is synostosis
-
syndesmoses
- fibrous joint
- bones united by ligaments
- slightly movable (amphiarthrosis)
-
Gomphoses
- ligament holds cone shaped peg in bony socket
- immovable (synarthrosis)
- TEETH IN ALVEOLAR PROCESSES
-
Catilaginous joints 2 types
-
synchondroses
- (cartilaginous) connecting mater is hyaline cartilage
- immovable (synarthrosis)
- epiphyseal plate or joint between ribs and sternum
-
cartilagionous joints features
- lacks synovial cavity
- allows little or no movement
- tighlty connected by fibrocartilage or hayline cartilage
-
symphyses
- fibrocartilage is connecting materials
- slightly movable (amphiarthroses)
- Intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis
-
Synovial Joints features
- synovial cavity seperates articulating bones
- freely movable
- articular cartilage
- articular capsule
- synovial membrane
-
Articular cartilage (synovial joint)
reduces friction and absorbs shock
-
articular capsule (synovial joint)
- surrounds joint
- thickenings in fibrous capsule called ligaments
-
synovial membrance (synovial joint)
- inner linning of capsule
- secretes synovial fluid
- brings nutrients to articular cartilage
-
Accessory features of Synovial joints
- accessory ligaments
- articular discs or menisci
- bursae
- tendon sheaths
-
bursae
fluid filled saclike extension of the joint capsule
-
tendon sheath
tube like bursae that wrap around tendons at wrist and ankle where many tendons come together in a confined space
-
Bursitis
- chronic inflammation of bursa
- problem arises when bursa becomes inflammed and loses gliding capabilities and become more irritated when moving
-
movements at synovial articulations
- gliding
- angular movements
- rotation
- special movements
- circumduction
-
Gliding in synovial joints
no change in angle of joint
-
angular movements in synovial joints
- inceased or decreased in angle between articulating bones
- flexion, extension, hyper extension (horizontal axis)
- adduction, abduction
- circumduction is a combination of of above movements
-
rotation
bones revolves around its own axis
-
special movements
uniquely named movements for jaw, hand and foot
-
Circumduction
- combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction
- occurs at ball and socket, saddle, and condyloid joints
-
types of synovial joints
- planar joint
- hinge joint
- pivot joint
- condyloid or ellipsoidal joint
- saddle joint
- ball and socket joint
-
Planar joint
- flat bone surfaces
- only side to side movement
- rotate prevented by ligaments
- sternoclavicular joint
- vertebrocostal joint
-
Hinge Joint
- convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of second bone uniaxial
- -knee, elbow, ankle, interphalangeal joints
-
flexion
decrease the joint angle
-
extension
increasing the angle
-
hyperextension
opening the joint beyond the anatomical position
-
Pivot joint
- rounded surface of bone articulates with ring formed by 2nd bone & ligament
- monoxial
- -proximal radioulnar joint
- -atlanto-axial joint
-
Condyloid or Ellipsoidal Joint
- oval-shaped projection fits into oval depression
- biaxial
- -wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints
-
Saddle Joint
- one bone saddle-shaped: otherbones fit as a person would sitting in that saddle
- biaxial
- -trapezium of carpus and metacarpal of the thumb
-
Ball and Socket Joint
- Ball fitting into a cuplike depression
- multiaxial
- -shoulder and hip joint
-
Main Joints of the Body
- Shoulder Joint
- Elbow Joint
- Radiocarpal Joint
- Hip Joint
- Tibiofemoral (Knee) Joint
- Temporomandibular Joint
- Atlanto-occipital Joints
- Intervertebral Joints
- Talocrural (Ankle) Joint
-
Shoulder Joint
- Head of Humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula
- Ball and socket
-
Elbow Joint
- Hinge Joint
- -Trochlea notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus
- -flexion and extension of elbow
- Piviot joint
- -Head of radius and capitulum of humerus
- -supination and pronation of forearms
-
Radiocarpal Joint
- Articular disc
- Condyloid type
- Flexion, extension, abduction, & adduction
-
Hip Joint
- Head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone
- Ball and Socket type of Joint
- All types of movement possible
-
Tibiofemoral (Knee) Joint
- Between Femur, Tibia, and, Patella
- Hinge joint between tibia and femur
- Gliding joint between patella and femur
- Flexion,extension, and slight rotation of tibia and femur when knee if flexed
-
Temporomandibular Joint
- Synovial Joint
- Articular disc
- gliding above disc
- Movements
- -depression, elevation, protraction, & retraction
-
Atlanto-occipital Joints
- Atlas and occipital condyles
- condyloid joint
- flexion
- extension
- sight lateral bending
-
Intervertebral Joints
- between bodies and vertebral discs
- between vertebral articular processes
- flexion
- extension
- lateral flexion
-
Talocrural (Ankle) Joint
- Tibia & fibula with talus
- Hinge
- Inversion, eversion, plantarflexion, & dorsiflexion
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