Anatomy Section 6

synarthrosis

amphiarthrosis

diarthrosis

• Fibrous Articulations
• Cartilaginous joints
• synovial joints

• lack synovial cavity 
• bones held closely by fibrous connective tissue
• little or no movement 

• sutures 
• syndesmoses
• gomphoses

• thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissues unite bones of skull
• immovable
• completely fused is synostosis

• fibrous joint
• bones united by ligaments
• slightly movable (amphiarthrosis)

• ligament holds cone shaped peg in bony socket
• immovable (synarthrosis)
• TEETH IN ALVEOLAR PROCESSES

• syncgondroses
• symphyses

• (cartilaginous)  connecting mater is hyaline cartilage
• immovable (synarthrosis)
• epiphyseal plate or joint between ribs and sternum

• lacks synovial cavity
• allows little or no movement
• tighlty connected by fibrocartilage or hayline cartilage 

• fibrocartilage is connecting materials
• slightly movable (amphiarthroses)
• Intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis

• synovial cavity seperates articulating bones
• freely movable
• articular cartilage
• articular capsule
• synovial membrane

reduces friction and absorbs shock

• surrounds joint
• thickenings in fibrous capsule called ligaments

• inner linning of capsule
• secretes synovial fluid
• brings nutrients to articular cartilage

• accessory ligaments
• articular discs or menisci
• bursae
• tendon sheaths

fluid filled saclike extension of the joint capsule

tube like bursae that wrap around tendons at wrist and ankle where many tendons come together in a confined space

• chronic inflammation of bursa
• problem arises when bursa becomes inflammed and loses gliding capabilities and become more irritated when moving 

• gliding 
• angular movements
• rotation
• special movements
• circumduction

no change in angle of joint

• inceased or decreased in angle between articulating bones
•  flexion, extension, hyper extension (horizontal axis)
•  adduction, abduction
• circumduction is a combination of of above movements

bones revolves around its own axis

uniquely named movements for jaw, hand and foot

• combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction
• occurs at ball and socket, saddle, and condyloid joints

• planar joint
• hinge joint
• pivot joint
• condyloid or ellipsoidal joint
• saddle joint 
• ball and socket joint

• flat bone surfaces
• only side to side movement
• rotate prevented by ligaments 
• sternoclavicular joint
• vertebrocostal joint 

• convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of second bone uniaxial
• -knee, elbow, ankle, interphalangeal joints

decrease the joint angle

increasing the angle

opening the joint beyond the anatomical position

• rounded surface of bone articulates with ring formed by 2nd bone & ligament
• monoxial
• -proximal radioulnar joint
• -atlanto-axial joint 

• oval-shaped projection fits into oval depression
• biaxial
• -wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints

• one bone saddle-shaped: otherbones fit as a person would sitting in that saddle
• biaxial
• -trapezium of carpus and metacarpal of the thumb

• Ball fitting into a cuplike depression
• multiaxial
• -shoulder and hip joint

• Shoulder Joint
• Elbow Joint
• Radiocarpal Joint
• Hip Joint
• Tibiofemoral (Knee) Joint
• Temporomandibular Joint
• Atlanto-occipital Joints
• Intervertebral Joints
• Talocrural (Ankle) Joint

• Head of Humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula
• Ball and socket

• Hinge Joint
• -Trochlea notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus
• -flexion and extension of elbow
• Piviot joint
• -Head of radius and capitulum of humerus
• -supination and pronation of forearms

• Articular disc
• Condyloid type
• Flexion, extension, abduction, & adduction

• Head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone
• Ball and Socket type of Joint
• All types of movement possible 

• Between Femur, Tibia, and, Patella
• Hinge joint between tibia and femur
• Gliding joint between patella and femur
• Flexion,extension, and slight rotation of tibia and femur when knee if flexed

• Synovial Joint
• Articular disc
• gliding above disc
• Movements
• -depression, elevation, protraction, & retraction

• Atlas and occipital condyles
• condyloid joint
• flexion 
• extension 
• sight lateral bending

• between bodies and vertebral discs
• between vertebral articular processes
• flexion
• extension
• lateral flexion

• Tibia & fibula with talus
• Hinge
• Inversion, eversion, plantarflexion, & dorsiflexion