HAPS 4

what are the four funcitons of the digestion system?

what function of the digestive system is the physical/ mechanical breakdown of food into more but smaller pieces which increases the surface area?

what is the importance of breaking down food into smaller pieces to create more surface area?

what function of the digestion system is the passage of digested food from the intestines into the bloodstream which delivers it to all parts of the body

what function of the digestive system is the release of water, acids, enzymes, buffers, and salts into the digestive tract

what function of the digestive system is the elimination of digestive by-products and indgiestible food via the anus

what is the sum of all biochemical processes taking place within the human body

what is the tube that starts at the mouth and ends at the anus called

how long is the alimentary canal

what is the pathway of food

what is digested food refered to when its in the pharynx and esophagus

what is digested food refered to as when its in the stomach and small intestine

what is digested food refered to as when it is in the large intestine and rectum

What are the parts of the large intestine

what does the digestive system break down DNA

What organ of the digetive system is the flap that closes the windpipe during swallowing

what organ of the digestive system is a wind-pipe thats not really part of the digestive system

what organ of the digestive system is a vein that carries blood away from the liver

what organ of the digestive system stores food and makes chemical changes in it

what organ of the digestive system is sheltered by the liver and stores bile

what organ of the digestive sytem if the first part of the small intestine, bile from the liver breaks up the fat and juice from pancreas

what organ of the digestive system carries blood from the entire digestive tact to liver

what organ of the digestive system drains intestinal tract, carrying digested food into the portal vein

what lives in the intestine and makes vitamins used by the human body

what ogan of the digestive system grinds food and mixes it with salia where digestion begins

what organ of the digestive system makes saliva and starts the digestion of starch

salivary glands

what organ of the digestive system passses food from the mouth to the stomach by a process known as peristalsis

what organ of the digestive system holds and mixes food, glands in the lining of the uper two thirds produces digestive which

what organ of the digestive system makes enzymes that break down all types of food

what organ of the digestive system has fluids from intesintal glands that dilute food and food is absorbed into the bloodstream

what organ of the digesiton system has fluid absrobed from indigestible food, waste becomes solid, contains waste

what organ of the digestive system is the end where waste leaves the body

what is a wave of smooth muscle contraction that proples materials through a tube

What happens to the luman width when  circcular muscle contraction occurs

what happens to lumen width when longitudinal muscle contraction occurs

what happens to the intestine length when circular muscle contraciton occurs

what happens to the intestine length when longitudinal muscle contraction occurs

what are the layers of the digestive tract refered to as

what is the open space within the digestive tract where digested food travels called

what are the four tunis of the digestive tract

what is the order of the tunics from the inside out

what is the innermost layer of the mucosa tunic

what are the 3 primary funcitons of the mucosa

What are the most strained parts of the mucosa lined with

what is the mucosa, except for the strained parts, lined with

what part of the mucosa tunic sits atop the epithelium and consists of loose connective tissues wiht capillaries to nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients

Where are lymph nodes located

what part of the mucosa tunic is important in the defense agaisnt pathogens

what part of the mucosa tunic surounds the lamina propria and produces movements of the mucosa and the small intestine and also folds it into a serious of small wrinkles that increase the surface area

which tunic lies just external to the muscularis mucoae

which tunic is a dense connective tissue that contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nodules, and nerve fibers

what tunic is is also called muscularis externa

which tunic is responsible for segmentation and peristalsis

what tunic consists of an inner layer of circular muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal muscle

When does circular muscle thicken

which tunic layer is the protective outermost layer

what is another name for serosa

what is a connective tissue that binds the esophagus to surrounding structures

what is the esophagus surrounded by

which organs have both a serosa and adventita surrounding them

What is the serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and most of its organs called

What is the membrane that covers organs of the abdominopelvic cavity calledv

What membrane lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

What is between the visceral and parietal peritoneum

What is the samll space containing fluid secreated by the serous membranes to reduce friction between the organs and between organs and body wall

What tissues make up the peritoneum

what connects the visceral and parietal peritoneums and is also a fused double layer of peritoneum

what provides a route for blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves to digestive organs; also helps to the hold the organs in place and stores fat

what are the 3 types of mesenteries

which mesentary connects the stomach and liver to ventral abdominal wall

which mesentery hangs like an apron from the lateral and inferior borders of the stomach and covers intestines

which mesentery contains fat that provides padding and protection for the abdomen

which mesentery connects portions of the large intestine and rectum to the posterior body wall

what is another name for the mouth

what organ of the digestive tract opens anteriorly via the lips and posteriorly into the oropharynx

what is the only organ that ingests food

what does the mouth of the digestive tract function in

what body parts make up the mouth

what body part of the mouth keeps food between the teeth during mastication

which body part of the mouth is the fold of membrane that connects lips to gums and the tongue to the floor of the mouth

which frenulum connects lips to gums

which frenulum connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth

what body part of the mouth is the space between the lips and gums

what body part of the mouth is comprised of stratified squamous epithelium and dense connective tissue

what body part of the mouth sits atop the maxilla and mandible bones and surrounds the holes at the base of each tooth

what body part of the mouth perfomrs mastication

what is the order of the types of teeth from front to back

how many baby teeth are there

how many adult teeth are there

what are the 3 types of tissue of the tooth

what type of tissue of teeth is the hardest human material that protects agaisnt tooth decay

what type of tissue of teeth is a nonliving substance much like a bone that occupies the bulk of the tooth

what type of tissue of teeth covers the dentin of the root providing protection and anchorage to the preriodontal ligament

what is the tooth above the gums called

what is the tooth part below the gums called

what is the interior portion of a tooth containing loose connective tissue, capillaries, nerves and lymph tissues

what are the extenions of the pulp cavity toward the tooth's roots called

what is the base of the root canal that is a hole allowing blood vessels and nerves into the pulp cavity

what anchors the teeth to the gums

what body part of the mouth form the roof of the mouth and aid in mechanical digestion and the formation of the bolus for easier swallowing

what body part of the mouth is the muscular tissue that hangs from the soft palate and functions in preventing contents of the mouth to enter the nasal cavity

what body part of the mouth is the strong muscular organ that funcitons in the mechanical digestion of food and can analyze food by touch, taste, and temperature

what body part of the mouth produces lingual lipase which begins the breakdown of lipids

what body part of the mouth secretes digestive juices into the buccal cavity

what does saliva mainly consist of

what are the solutes contained in saliva

what solute of the saliva functions in the break down of starch

which solute of saliva functions as a buffer to neutralize the oral cavity ph

bircaronates and phosphates

which solute of saliva kills bacteria

what are the 3 types of salivary glands

which salivary gland lies besdies the ear and dumbs secretions into the vestibule opposite the 2nd maxillary molar tooth

which salivary gland produces large amounts of salivary amylase

which salivary gland lies beneath the tongue and produces a watery mucous that buffers and lubricates

which salivary gland lies along and below the mandible bone and secretes buffers and salivary amylase

what organ of the digestive system is a muscular tube suspended from the base of the skull in front of the cervial vertebrae lined with a mucous membrane

what organ of the digestive system connects the mouth to the esophagus and trachea

what are the 3 parts of the pharynx

what part of the pharynx is located behind the nasal chamber and has no role in digestion

what part of the pharynx is located beneath the nasopharynx and behind the oral cavity

what part of the pharynx is located below the oropharynx and behind the larynx

what is the lymphoid tissue protecting the nasal cavity, its sinuses, and the digestive tract called

what is the lymphoid tissue protecting the digestive tract from pathogens called

what is the cartilage flap at the oro-laryngopharynx border that covers the trachea while swallowing food and water called

what organ of the digestive system lies posterior to the trachea and carries the bolus from the laryngopharynx to the stomach

what is the process of moving the bolus from the mouth to the stomach called

what does the bolus enter the stomach through

what part of the stomach prevents contents of the stomach from reentering the esophagus

what happens to the stomach when it is empty

what part of the stomach prevents watery chyme from reentering the stomach from the duodenum

what organ of the digestive system is a long muscular tube where the final digestion and most absorption takes place

what are the 3 divisions of the small intestine

what part of the small intestine receives digestive secretions from both the liver and the pancreas

what does the duodenum produce to increase the pH of chyme leaving the stomach

what is produced in the intestines to protect the lining

what divison of the small intestine is the majority of the chemical digestions and nutrient absorptions that occurs in this portion of the intestine

what division of the small intestine is the longest portion

where does the ileum end at

what part of the digestive system prevents the back flow of feces into the ileum of the small intestines

what are the lymphatic nodules that protect agaisnt fecal bacteria called

what do the mucosa and submucosa layers of the small intestine contain

how much food does the small intestine absorb

what are deep folds of the mucosa and submucosa that extend either entirely or partway around the circumference of the intestine called

what part of the small intestine forces chyme to spiarl through the lumen continually mixing chyme with intestinal juices

what part of the small intestine slows chyme movement to allow time for complete nurtient absorption

what part of the small intestines are the finger like projections of the mucosa that contain absorptive epithelia cells

what do villi contain that take absorbed nutrients into the vascular system, nerves and lacteals

what are the lympatic capillaries that absorb digestive material  not able to be absrobed by blood capillaries

what part of the small intestine are tiny projections of the absorptive eipthelia cells that give mucosal surface a fuzzy appearance sometimes called brush border

what organ of the digestive system is a muscular tube that frames the small intestine on 3 sides and extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus

what organ of the digestive system primary functions include water and vitamin absorption and elimination of solid waste

what are the 8 divisions of the large intestine

how long do material remain in the large intestine

what are the contractions of 3 longitudinal muscle bands in the large intestine calld

what are the baglike pouches formed from the contractions of the taeniae ccoli

What in the large intestine provides a slow movement of chyme from ileocecal valce to the transverse colon

What are the strong intestinal contractions over large areas in the large intestine called

where does mass movement/ peristalsis occur

when do mass movements usually occur and for how long

what controls the defecation at the rectum

what type of muscle is involved in the external anal sphincter

how much water do feces contain

how much bacteria, cellulose, cellular debris, salts and bile pigments do feces contain

what gives feces its brown color

what causes the digestion in the large intestine

where does absorption take place in the large intestine

where does the storage of feces take place in the large intestine

what results in the waste products nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane, and hydrogen sulfide

what are nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methan, and hydrogen sulfide called when they are all mixed together

What vitamins does bacteria synthesize

what type of vitamin helps clot

what type of vitamin is responsible for glucose metabolism

what type of vitamin is responsible for neuortransmitters and steroid production

what organ of the digestive system lies behind the stomach and extends laterally from the duodenum toward the spleen

what organ of the digestive system if the only gland that is both endocrine and exocrine

why is the pancrease considered endocrine

why is the pancreas considered exocrine

how long is the pancreas and how much does it weigh

what organ in the digestive system is the largest interanl organ

what organ of the digestive system is in the upper abdominopelvic cavity and is inferior to the diaphragm and is opposite the stomach

what allows the liver to receive all blood that is absorbed through the intestines

what is the network of blood vessels connection capillary beds between the intestine and the liver called

What are the 4 reasons why blood goes through the liver

what are the 5 functions of the liver

through what process can the liver make glucose from other molecules

what reaction of the liver occurs if the blood glucose levels decline

what reaction of the liver occurs if the blood glucose levels increase

what function of the liver is the stabilization of blood glucose levels

what 3 types of circulating levels of lipids does the liver regulate

what reaction of the liver occurs when lipid levels decline

what fucntion of the liver removes excess amino acids from the circulation

What is the process called that strips off amino groups that produces ammonia

what is a toxic waste product the liver neutralizes through the conversion to urea

What function of the liver stores and absorbs fat soluble vitamins and vitamin b12 

what organ of the digestive system is a pear shaped muscular organ that stores and concentrates bile that has been made by the liver

what are all the cell's organic monomers and polymer's collectively termed

what is the process that breaks down organic substances and releases energy that can be used to synthesize ATP or other high energy compounds

where does catabolism preliminary processing occur

where do enzymes break down macromolecules into polymers and monomers

what does energy leave the body as

what process is the synthesis of new molecules and other cell functions

what is the source of molecules for catabolism and metabolism

what is the biggest waste product of the body

what are drugs that promote defecation called

what disorder is the inflammation of the gallbladder due to blockage of the cystic or common bile duct by gallstones

what disorder is the widespread destruction of liver cells due to druge exposure, viral infection, ischemia, or blocked ducts

what is the use of a colonscope insterted through the anus to view the colon for tumors, lesions, etc called

what is the attachment of the cut end of the colon to an opening in the body wall after a colonectomy

what disorder is the inflammation of the small intestine and/or large intestine and can be caused by genetic, autoimmune, or environment

what disorder is a genetic disease which causes excessive secretions of mucous that inhibits proper absorption of nutrients

what disorder is tooth decay caused by acid waste products of bacetria of the ename and dentin of teeth causing a cavity

what disorder is the inflammation of the diverticula and include colic spasms and cramps

what disorder is the surgical reduction of the stomach to attempt to correct overeating disorders

what disorder are the weakend veins within the lining of the anal canal that become enlarged causing itching, bleeding, and pain

what disorder is the weakening of the diaphragm that allows the stomach to enter the thoracic cavity poissbly causing dysphagia or ulcers

what disorder is the yellowness of the skin and eyes casued by a backup of bile pigment into the blood

what is the use of a flexible fiber optic instrument put through the abdominal wall to view, takes samples, or perform surgery

what disorder is the viral infection of the parotid salivary gland

what disorder is the erosion of the gastic lining or duodenal lining by stomach acids and enzymes becasue of Heliobacter infection

what disorder is a dangerous ulcer in which gastric acids and enzymes erode the digestive tract and enter the peritoneal cavity

what disorder is the congenital condition in which the pyloric muscle increases in size, obstructing gastric emptying