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What are the 4 Phases of sexual arousal?
- 1. Excitement Phase
- 2. Plateau Phase
- 3. Resolution
- 4. Refactory Phase
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A period of arousal and preparation for intercourse
The Excitement Phase
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The increase in sexual arousal levels off after maintainance of high levels
The Plateau Phase
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This phase follows as arousal decreases and the body returns to its previous state
Resolution
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During this phase, the male is unable to become aroused
The Refactory Phase
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Castration
The removal of the gonads (testes or ovaries)
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A class of hormones responsible for a number of male characteristics
Androgens
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Testosteron
The major sex hormone in males
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A period when the female is ovulating, sex hormone levels are high and the animal is said to be in heat
Estrus
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A class if hormones responsible for a number of female characteristics
Estrogen
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Involved in sexual behavior in both sexes as well as aggression and emotion
Medial amygdala
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Quick return to sexual arousal when a new partner is introduced
Coolidge effect
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The area in the hypothalamus involved in male and femal sexual behavior
Medial preoptic area (MPOA)
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A region of the MPOA that is five times larger in males and is involved in male sexual performance
Sexual-dimorphic mucleus (SDN)
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A group of genes that contributes to immune system functioning, and affect odors that are avoided in related individuals
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
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Bioactive chemicals released by individuals which change the behavior or physiology of others, such as those involved in sexual attraction in moths and cats
Pheremones
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A cluster of receptors in the nasal cavity, detect pheromones. It is present in most mammals
Vomeronasal organ (VNO)
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A neuropeptide that facilitates bonding and milk ejection in animals
Oxycotin
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Sex
The set of charactersitics that seperate organisms into male and female
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Gender
The set of behavioral characteristics that correspond to sex
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The subjective feeling of belonging to a particular sex
Gender indentity
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Ovaries
Where the eggs develop
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Mullerian inhibiting hormone
Determines the sex of the fetus
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A derivative of testosterone that masculinizes the external genitals
Dihydrotestosterone
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Occurs during sensitive periods of development affecting structures permanently
Organizing effects
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Occurs at any time and can fluctuate, but are reversible if the hormone is removed
Activating effects
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Lordosis
The term for mounting behavior
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Individuals with ambiguous internal and external organs but gonads are consistent with chromosomes
Pseudohermphrodites
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Mullerian inhibiting hormone
Defeminizes the fetus
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The 23rd pair of chromosomes
The sex chromosome
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A genetic mutation that results in absence of androgen receptors, with feminine appearance and external genitals
Androgen insensitivity
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An enzyme defect in which the adrenal glands produce too much androgen, masculinity of the body
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
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An area in the brain that is smaller in gay men than in heterosexual men
Third interstital nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus (INAH-3)
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An area in the brain that is found to be larger in gay men than in heterosexual men
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
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An area in the brain that is larger in gay men which connects the two hemisphere
Anterior commisure
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Believe they were born as the wrong sex
Transsexuals
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