Chapter 11

The tendency to maintain the relative consistency of certain variables, even in the face of significant environmental changes.

What achieves homeostatic control of our extracellular fluid characteristics?

Homeostasis maintains a constant what, which includes temperature, blood, gases, glucose, and socium

Characteristic to be regulated, body fluids.

Optimal value system of the system variable, optimal fluid level.

Monitors the value of the system variable, mechaism that signals when the system variable deviates from its set point

The mechanism that restores the system variable to its set point

A process whereby the effect produced by an action serves to terminate the action

Eating and drinking, regulatory mechaism to restore lost fluid and nutrients

A brain mechanism that causes cessation of hunger or thirst

About what percentage of our body is made up of fluid?

How many days can we go without water and survive?

Sensation of thirst does not occur until we are...

Increased osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid relative to the intracellular fluid leads to dehydration

These are specialized multipolar neurons that are rich around the third ventricle

In osmometric thirst, as water leaves the receptor cell, what happens to axon activity?

What is being monitored with osmometric thirst?

With this type of thirst, volume of blood plasma decreases

The kidneys are involved in what type of thirst?

The release of aldosterone leads to what craving?

This tries to retain as much water in the body as possible during volumetric thirst...

What keeps our cells alive?

What are the short term reservoirs of fuel in the body?

What are the long term storage reservoirs in the body?

What are the two phases of metabolism?

In this phase, nutrients are not available from the digestive system. Fuel used first in the short term reserves. Once those are used, goes after the long term reserves.

In this phase, nutrients are absorbed from the digestive tract, which is full.

Muscle and liver cells are filled with complex involuble carbs (short term reserves) called what?

What kind of tissue is filled with fats?

Complex molecules that cobine glycerol with 3 fatty acids

Fatty acids are broken down by most cells in the body except where?

This is used for fuel when insulin levels drop significantly and the drop is sustained.

The brain uses what as an energy source?

This is caused by drop in blood glucose levels or drugs that inhibit glucose metabolism. It stimulates eating.

Afferent fibers in this glucoreceptor respond to blood glucose levels and lipoprivation

What are two main glucoreceptors?

Drop in fatty acids available to cells that is usually caused by drugs.

If we had very efficient metabolisms, what would we look like?

How many people in the US are overweight?