All of the following are structures of the limbic system except the:
a. hippocampus.
b. amygdaloid nucleus.
c. cingulate gyrus.
d. caudate nucleus.
B. amygdaloid Nucleus
Embryonic damage to the prosencephalon could result in improper formation of the:
A. Cerebral hemispheres
If the posterior portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly:
D. The spinal cord may be affected.
Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except:
a. loss of proprioception.
b. loss of body temperature control.
c. production of excessive quantities of urine.
d. pathologic sleep.
A. Loss of proprioception
Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the:
D. Premotor cortex.
Mr. Jacobowitz was injured in an accident resulting in trauma to the reticular formation. What symptom(s) would you expect to see?
a. hypervigilance and hallucinations
b. a state of reduced arousal
c. unilateral tremors
d. photic flashes
B. a state of reduced arousal
Nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, and VII are found in the:
a. cerebrum.
b. medulla.
c. pons.
d. midbrain.
c. pons
Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called:
a. ganglia.
b. fissures.
c. gyri.
d. sulci.
c. gyri
The arbor vitae refers to:
a. the pleatlike convolutions of the
cerebellum.
b. flocculonodular nodes.
c. cerebellar gray matter.
d. cerebellar white matter.
D. cerebellar white matter
The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the:
a. thalamus.
b. limbic system.
c. pyramids.
d. reticular formation.
D. reticular formation
The brain stem consists of the:
a. midbrain only.
b. pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain.
c. midbrain, medulla, and pons.
d. cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla.
C. midbrain, medulla, and pons
The fissure separating the cerebral hemispheres is the:
a. lateral fissure.
b. central fissure.
c. parieto-occipital fissure.
d. longitudinal fissure.
D. longitudinal fissure
Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are:
a. pyramidal and corticospinal.
b. supplementary and cerebellar-pontine.
c. extrapyramidal and rubrospinal.
d. segmental and nigrostriatal.
A. pyramidal and corticospinal
Which association is most accurate?
d. sensory-medial
A. motor-anterior
Which of the following is not a hindbrain structure?
B. cerebral nuclei
Which of the following is/are involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)?
a. Wernicke's area
b. gustatory cortex
c. postcentral gyrus
d. red nuclei
D. red nuclei
The fourth ventricle of the brain lies adjacent to the:
a. thalamus.
b. pons.
c. pituitary.
d. corpus callosum.
B. pons
The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the: a. lateral sulcus.
b. longitudinal fissure.
c. central sulcus.
d. cranial fossa.
A. lateral sulcus
The vestibular cortex is now believed to reside in the:
a. globus pallidus.
b. insula.
c. putamen.
d. basal nuclei.
B. insula
Which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex? a. unmyelinated axons
b. fiber tracts
c. cell bodies
d. dendrites
B. Fiber tracts
Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number:
a. V. Trigeminal Nerve
b. VII. Facial Nerve
c. X. Vagus Nerve
d. XII. Hypoglossal Nerve
C. X. Vagus Nerve
Which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
a. smooth muscle
b. cardiac muscle
c. skeletal muscle
d. most glands
C. Skeletal muscle
In contrast to the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system:
a. has two efferent neurons.
b. has two afferent neurons.
c. stimulates its effector cells.
d. has both afferent and efferent fibers.
A. has two efferent neurons
Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the:
C. Thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine
Which of the following is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?
a. salivation
b. dilation of the pupils
c. increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera
d. relaxation of the urethral sphincter
B. dilation of the pupils
The possibility of cordical control over autonomic responses is demonstrated by:
a. split brain studies.
b. stress-induced hypertension.
c. biofeedback.
d. nightmares.
C. biofeedback
Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebrae?
a. second cervical
b. third lumbar
c. first coccyx
d. first thoracic
D. first thoracic
The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by peripheral ganglia near the:
a. organs and by short postganglionic fibers.
b. organs and by long postganglionic fibers.
c. spinal cord and by short postganglionic fibers.
d. spinal cord and by long postganglionic fibers.
A. organs and by short postgaglionic fibers
Autonomic ganglia contain:
a. an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons.
b. synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors.
c. the cell bodies of motor neurons.
d. both somatic afferent and efferent neurons.
C. the cell bodies of motor neurons
A drug that might be used specifically to reduce heart rate in cardiac patients could be:
a. anticholinesterase.
b. epinephrine.
c. norepinephrine.
d. a beta blocker.
D. a beta blocker
The site of origin of the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system is the:
C. brain stem and the sacral region of the cord
The parasympathetic fibers of the ________ nerves innervate smooth muscles of the lens of the eye, the muscles that cause the eye to bulge to accommodate close vision.
C. oculomotor
The parasympathetic tone:
a. prevents unnecessary heart deceleration.
b. accelerates activity of the digestive tract.
c. determines normal activity of the urinary tract.
d. causes blood pressure to rise.
C. determines normal activity of the urinary tract
Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all but:
B. dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestie viscera.
The white rami:
a. are found only in the C1-T1 cord segments.
b. are unmyelinated.
c. carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain.
d. carry postganglionic fibers to the periphery.
C. carry pregaglionic axons to the sympathetic chain.
Beta-blockers:
a. increase a dangerously low heart rate.
b. attach mainly to the beta1 receptors of cardiac muscle. c. have widespread sympathetic effects.
d. are potent antidepressants.
B. attach mainly to the beta1 receptors of cardiac muscle
The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the:
a. parasympathetic division.
b. sympathetic division.
c. somatic division.
d. peripheral nervous system.
A. parasympathetic division
Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the:
a. sympathetic nervous system.
b. cerebrum.
c. parasympathetic nervous system.
d. somatic nervous system.
A. sympathetic nervous system
The secretions of the adrenal gland (medulla) act to supplement the effects of:
C. sympathetic stimulation
Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the:
a. medulla.
b. cerebellum.
c. hypothalamus.
d. thalamus.
C. hypothalamus
Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the:
a. lateral horn of the spinal cord.
b. hypothalamus.
c. lateral geniculate of the thalamus.
d. inferior colliculus.
