PSY 240 12-14

___ experiments study the effects of two or more independent variables in a single experiment

___ are researchers who pretend to be real participants.

A ___ ___ ___ is the effect of one independent variable at a specific level of a second independent variable.

The average of a treatment's two simple main effects gives us the ___ main effect.

An ___ ___ ___ is the average effect of an independent variable.

An ___ ___ is how much of one variable participants must receive to have an effect on another variable.

When simple main effects of one variable differ, depending on the level of another variable, there is a(n) ___ effect.

Because the ___ effects of many variables are already known, psychology looks at ___.

A ___ ___ design uses matching to reduce the effects of ___ variables.

Matched-Pairs designs use ___ ___ to establish internal validity.

In a ___ ___ design, ___ participant recieves ___ levels of the treatment. 

In a within-subjects design, every participant is measured ___ receiving ___ level of the treatment.

___ designs are used so that we don't have to choose between a completely within-subjects or between-subjects design.

In a mixed design, there is at least one ___-subjects factor and at least one ___-subjects factor.

W/I subjuscts design

___ effects may influence results depending on which treatment comes first or last.

W/I subjects design

___ effects occur when paricipants have learned from the first task (before taking the posttest)

W/I subjects design

___ effects occur when participants do worse on later trials due to becoming bored or tired.

W/I subjects design

___ effects occur when the effects of an earlier treatment influence responses on later trials

To minimize ___ effects, do not administer treatments in the same sequence to all participants

To minimize ___ effects, give participants lots of practice before the experiment begins.

To minimize ___ effects, make the experiment interesting, short and easy to complete.

To minimize ___ effects, increase the time between treatments - have participants come back a second day.

A counterbalaced within-subjects design will minimize (balance out) ___ effects.

Each participant gets more than one treatment (in a different sequence)

- A/B for some participants
-B/A for other participants

The only disadvantage is that it requires ___ ___.

The randomized matche-pairs experiment randomly assigns ___ ___ ___ to different treatment sequences.

The randomized within-subjects experiment randomly assigns ___ ___ to different sequences of treatments

___ is the position in a sequence:

- 1st, 2nd, 3rd, ....

___ effects is when participants score differently depending on their sequence of treatments. 

Between-Subjects Factorial design:

Worried about: ___

Not worried about: ___

Within-Subjects Factorial Design:

Worried about: ___

No problems with: ___

Treatment changes correlate with behavioral changes

Treatment preceded behavioral changes

Single-n designs use the term ___ to refer to results that are due to other variables.

*We cannot make ___ and ___ claims*

In order to handle uncontrolled variables, we convert ___-___ variables into ___ variables.

A  ___ is a "record" of consistent behavior recorded prior to administering treatment.

In the A-B design, a ___ ___ is studied

A-B design

- The ___ behavior is called A

- The ___ is administered

- The ___-___ behavior is called B

In the reversal of the A-B design (A-B-A), the researcher:

- Measures ___ behavior (A)

- ___ treatment

- Measures ___-___ behavior (B)

- ___ treatment

- Measures ___ (A)

In the ___ design, participants are required to judge stimuli

In the ___-___ design, baselines are collected for several key behaviors

*one behavior is ___ and ___*

In the ___-___, a treatment is administered but participants are not randomly assigned to conditions.

- Because real life does not reflect ___ ___!

- Random assignment may not always be ___.