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Penicillins
- MOA: inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, bacteriocidal
- ADR: diarrhea, N/V, anaphylaxis
- Counseling: may decrease absorption of oral contraceptives (use back-up during course and up to 1 week after); Augmentin-take with food.
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Cephalosporins
- MOA: inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, bacteriocidal
- ADR: diarrhea, N/V, penicillin cross-sensitivity anaphylaxis
- Counseling: Cephalexin/Cefuroxime - decrease absorption of oral contraceptives; Cefdinir - do not take antacids/multivitamins/iron within 2 hrs of dose
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Fluoroquinolones
- MOA: inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV; bacteriocidal
- ADR: diarrhea, N/V, dizziness, tendon rupture, seizures
- Counseling: do not take antacids/multivitamins/iron within 2 hrs of dose. photosensitivity
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sulfonamides
- MOA: SMZ inhibits PABA conversion to folic acid. TMP inhibits dihydrofolate reductase.
- ADR: diarrhea, NV, anaphylaxis
- Counseling: increased sun sensitivity
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Tetracyclines
- MOA: inhibits 30S ribosome, bacteristatic
- ADR: diarrhea, NV, dizziness, teeth discoloration, contraindicated < 8 y/o
- Counseling: no antacids/multivitamins/iron within 2 hrs of dose, increased sun sensitivity, decreased oral contraceptive absorption
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Macrolides
- MOA: inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit
- ADR: diarrhea, NV, taste changes
- Counseling: azithromycin-no antacids, multivitamins, iron within 2 hrs of dose
-
nitrofurantoin
- MOA: may inhibit acetyl coA
- ADR: diarrhea, NV, HA
- Counseling: take w food, may discolor urine
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metronidazole
- MOA: unknown, disrupts nucleic acid synthesis?
- ADR: diarrhea, NV, seizures
- Counseling: do not drink alcohol during course and day after finishing
-
mupirocin
- MOA: reversibly binds to bacterial isoleucyl transfer RNA synthetase
- ADR: burning, pain
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ADHD meds
- MOA: increase [NE] and [DA] in brain
- (Strattera MOA- NE re-uptake inhibitor)
- ADR: restlessness, insomnia, decrease appetite, euphoria, tremor, HA, palpitations, tachycardia, dry mouth, unpleasant taste, diarrhea, constipation
- Caution: may be habit forming, tolerance and high BP may develop
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