-
A fair evaluation of Catherine II's use of Enlightenment thought in her famous Instruction (Nakaz):
b. adaptation.
-
The Legislative Commission of 1767-1768 was ominously disturbed by
c. the clash between peasants and gentry over serfdom.
-
The most frightening aspect of the Pugachev Rebellion was that
c. it represented a clearly thought out alternative to centralized monarchy.
-
Catherine's 1785 Charter to the Nobility, compared to the "Night of 5 August 1789," exposes
c. the insincerity of her insistence that "Russia is a European country!"
-
The most fateful gain of the First Turkish War (1768-1774) were strategic territory and
a. outright annexation of the Crimean Peninsula.
-
The Second Turkish War settled the question of
b. Russian control of the Straits.
-
18th- century Poland's most obvious weakness in the face of its three powerful neighbors:
c. an extremely weak central government.
-
The one plausible justification for Russia's participation in the Polish Partitions:
b. this completed the gathering of the old Kievan lands.
-
In 1790, Catherine II turned against Enlightenment culture owing to
c. the fact that she was notoriously ignorant of Enlightenment ideas.
-
Emperor Paul remained Catherine II's picked successor despite the fact that
a. she admitted that he was not the natural son of Peter III.
-
A salient trait of Emperor Paul's brief reign:
b. reversing his mother's decisions and undoing her work.
-
More than anything else, this recalled the actions of Peter III: Paul's
a. arbitrary and erratic foreign policy.
-
Alexander I's most probable relationship to the plot that destroyed his father:
c. complicity.
-
Although Alexander I did not choose this persona, the Court did:
a. the angel.
-
The deliberations of Alexander I's "Unofficial Committee [Neglasnyi komitet]
a. encouraged the young emperor in the belief that reform would be easy.
-
The best fruits of Alexander I's liberalism:
c. his heavy emphasis on education with spending to match.
-
St. Petersburg University acquired the "12 Colleges" complex as Alexander I
b. replaced the Petrine collegia with Ministries housed across the river.
-
Alexander I's 1804 instructions to his envoy in London show, that, in addition to mystical conviction,
b. the tsar had a vision of a new European order other than an empire of the French.
-
In the Tilsit Treaty that concluded the unfortunate 1805-1807 wars with France, Russia
b. emerged hegemon of the east and one of only two great Continental powers.
-
The ancient Kingdom of Georgia first asked to join Russia under this Russian ruler:
a. Alexander I.
-
The protectorate extended over Orthodox Georgia
a. led to wars with Persia and Turkey, both of whom coveted the kingdom.
-
In 1812, General Kutuzov concluded with ____the Treaty of Bucharest, giving Bessarabia to Russia.
a. Turkey.
-
The Treaty of Frederikshamn transferred to Russia the former _____ grand duchy of Finland.
b. Swedish
-
In 1809, most of Prussian Poland became the _____ Duchy of Warsaw.
c. Russian
-
Fort Ross, an hour's drive north of San Francisco, was established by Russia in
b. 1812
-
Michael Speransky, who dominated Alexander I's second reform period, came from
b. poor village clergy.
-
Alexander I rejected Speransky's proposed constitution for Russia, because
b. of gentry and bureaucratic opposition.
-
Although there were a host of tensions, complaints and crises, the real cause for war in 1812 was
c. the situation of having two great Continental powers with two hostile rulers.
-
The decisive battle of Napoleon's invasion took place at _____.
b. Borodino
-
Aside from the defeat of Napoleon, the War of 1812 was especially memorable because
c. it stimulated both public and national patriotism.
-
After the Wars of Liberation, Alexander I did not grant a constitution to the
c. Russian Empire.
-
The agreement signed in 1815 that had great practical consequences for Russia:
b. Holy Alliance.
-
Alexander's response to this event clearly defines him as a reactionary "Restoration" monarch:
c. the restoration of Louis XVIII Bourbon, in 1814.
-
The outstanding assistant of Alexander I in the second half of his reign was
a. General Alexis Arakcheev, the champion of the "military settlement" system.
-
Prince Alexander Golitsyn, Michael Magnitsky, and Dmitrii Runich were
b. mystical, pietistic "obscurantists," favored by Alexander I after 1815.
-
The Decembrists failed in their attempt to impose a constitution on Nicholas I because
a. they had little social backing for their rebellion.
-
Nicholas I did not choose this persona, but Europe chose it for him:
b. the gendarme.
-
Above all, Nicholas I was against
c. change.
-
In contrast to his predecessor's psychological paradoxes, Nicholas I displayed
b. determination, singleness of purpose, and an iron will.
-
By Count S. S. Uvarov, 1833, Official Nationality consisted of Orthodoxy,
a. Autocracy and Nationality.
-
Even more effective in carrying out the tsar's will than Nicholas I's ad hoc committees was
c. His Majesty's Own Chancery.
-
In their sky-blue uniforms, they sought to control everyone so as to prevent subversion:
c. the gendarmes of the Third Department.
-
Nicholas I personally disapproved of serfdom and considered it "an evil, palpable and obvious,"
a. but his constant concern with the problem bore little fruit.
-
The one glaring exception to Nicholas I's principle of supporting legitimacy:
- a. Greek independence, 1829.
- b. 10K Russians deployed beyond the Bosporus, 1833.
- c. Hungarian Intervention, 1849.
-
Although the rebellious Poles took 9 months to subdue, they lost because they
c. did not enjoy the support of the peasants.
-
British, and to some extent French, mid-century Russophobia
a. tells us more about western than eastern changes since 1825.
-
The Crimean War, 1854-1856
b. exposed Russia's appalling backwardness and corruption.
-
For Russian statesmen, the most unforgivable aspect of the Crimean War:
c. the Black Sea Clauses of the Treaty of Paris, 1856, neutralizing that sea.
-
The reigns of Alexander I and Nicholas I roughly correspond to the literary Golden Age, dominated by
b. Realistic prose.
-
The two great Russian ideologies of the first half of the 19th century were:
c. Romanticism and Realism.
-
By the mid-19th century, the arts and sciences in Russia
a. remained something of a paradox in a military-agricultural culture.
-
By mid-19th century, Russia's 67m of people showed a social change of
a. serfdom having peaked and in decline as a % of population.
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