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A person's subjective experience of the world and the mind.
Consciousness
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How things seem to the conscious person.
Phenomenology
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The fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others.
Problem of other minds
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The issue of how the mind is related to the brain and the body.
Mind/body problem
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A task in which people wearing headphones hear different messages presented to each ear.
Dichotic listening
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A phenomena in which people tune in one message even while they filter out others nearby.
Cocktail party phenomena
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A low-level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behavior.
Minimal consciousness
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Consciousness in which you know and are able to report your mental state.
Full consciousness
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A distinct level of consciousness in which the person's attention is drawn to the self as an object.
Self-consciousness
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The attempt to change conscious states of mind.
Mental control
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The conscious avoidance of a thought.
Thought suppression
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The tendancy of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression.
Rebound effect of thought suppression
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Mental process that can produce ironic errors because monitoring for errors can itself produce them.
Ironic process of thought suppression
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An active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person's deepest instincts and desires, and the person's inner struggle to control these forces.
Dynamic unconscious
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A mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness.
Repression
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The mental processes that give rise to a person's thoughts, choices, emotions and behavior even though they are not experienced by the person.
Cognitive unconscious
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A thought or behavior that is influenced by stimuli that a person cannot consciously perceive.
Subliminal perception
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Forms of experience that depart from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind.
Altered state of consciousness
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A naturally occurring 24-hour cycle.
Circadian rhythm
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A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movement and a high level of brain activity.
REM sleep
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An instrument that measures eye movements.
Electrooculograph (EOG)
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Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep.
Insomnia
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A disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep.
Sleep apnea
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Occurs when the person arises and walks around while asleep.
Somnambulism (sleepwalking)
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A disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities.
Narcolepsy
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The experience of waking up unable to move.
Sleep paralysis
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Abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal.
Night terrors (or sleep terrors)
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A dream's apparent topic or superficial meaning.
Manifest content
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A dream's true underlying meaning
Latent content
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The theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of activations that occur randomly during sleep.
Activation-synthesis model
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A chemical that influences consciousness or behavior by altering the brain's chemical messenger system.
Psychoactive drugs
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The tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect.
Drug tolerance
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Substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system.
Depressants
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The idea that alcohol effects can be produced by people's expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations.
Expectancy theory
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A study design in which behavior is observed following the presence or absence of an actual stimulus and also following the presence or absence of a placebo stimulus.
Balanced placebo design
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A condition that results when alcohol hampers attention, leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations.
Alcohol myopia
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Substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels.
Stimulants
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Highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain.
Narcotics or opiates
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Drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations.
Hallucinogens
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The leaves and buds of the hemp plant.
Marijuana
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A response to high-risk behaviors that focuses on reducing the harm such behaviors have on people's lives.
Harm reduction approach
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An altered state of consciousness characterized by suggestibility and the feeling that one's actions are occurring involuntarily.
Hypnosis
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The failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget.
Posthypnotic amnesia
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The reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis.
Hypnotic analgesia
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The practice of intentional comtemplation.
Meditation
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