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Genus Clostridium
- Class Clostridia
- Form endospores (spherical or oval)
- Strictly anaerobic rods found in soil, water, intestinal tract of humans & other animals.
- Also in Sewage , marine sediments, and decaying vegetation.
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Class Mollicutes
- Bacteria lacking cell walls and cannot synthesized peptidoglycan precursor.
- Gram negative by default.
- Genus Mycoplasma, Ueraplasma, and Spiroplasma.
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Genus Mycoplasma
- Class Mollicutes
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
: - Produces a human disease called atypical pneumonia or walking pneumonia.
- Most freguently affects person 5-25 years old.
- Causal agent in 25% of all pneumonias in young adults.
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Genus Ureaplasma
- Class Mollicutes
- Ureaplasma ueralyticum:
- hydrolyzes urea and requires a 10% urea medium to grow.
- Approx 1-2.5 million ppl in the U.S. are infected and can result in NGU.
- The organism tightly to sperm and can be transmitted by them to sexual pertners.
- Can be cultured from urethral and vaginal discharges.
- Estimated that it accounts for more than half of all infections that make couples infertile.
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Genus Spiroplasma
- Class Mollicutes
- Spiroplasma citri:
- causes citrus stubborn disease.
- Transmitted by leafhopper.
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Genus Bacillus
- Class Bacilli
- Cells rod shaped, straight, or nearly so.
- Form endospores with only one per cell.
- Sporulation not repressed by exposure to air.
- Gram positive or positive in the early stages of growth.
- Motility by peritrichous flagella or nonmotile.
- Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic.
- Most species are saprophytes in soil, water, and vegetation.
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Genus Listeria
- Class Bacilli
- Short rods
- Motile by peritrichous flagella
- Aerobic or facultative anaerobic.
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Genus Staphylococcus
- Nonmotile cocci
- Facultative anaerobes
- usually form irregular clusters.
- Natural populations mainly assoicated with skin, skin glands, and mucous membranes of warm blooded animals including humans.
- Species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and/ or animals.
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Genus Lactobacillus
- Class Bacilli
- Long rods to short rods.
- Large amounts of lactic acid formed.
- Important in production of yogurt and sauerkraut
- Also parasites in the mouth, intestinal tract and vagina of humans and warm blooded animals.
- Pathogenicity is rare.
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Genus Leuconostoc
- Class Bacilli
- Cocci arranged in pairs or chains.
- Heterofermintative- form CO2 and ethanol or acetic acid in addition D - lactic acid
- Nonpathogenic to plants and animals.
- Important in production of sauerkraut.
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Genus Streptococcus
- Class Bacilli
- Cell arrangeed in pairs or chains.
- Catalase negative.
- Most species are facultative anaerobes.
- Homofermentative- production of one primary product as a result of fermentation.
- With the production of L + lactic acid.
- Commensals or parasites on humans or animals
- Some are highly pathogenic.
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