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Loss
When someone or something can no longer be felt, seen, heard, known or experiened.
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Actual loss
any changes that occur in an individua's situation, that reduces the probability of achieving personal goals.
Eg. losing a limb or ability to speak
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Perceived loss
Can be difficult to identify as it is less tangible and less understood by others.
Eg; loss of dignity, confidence, role, self esteem
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maturational loss
Occurs as a result of normal life transitions
Eg, when a child goes to school, or adolescent leaves home
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Situational loss
Occurs in response to sudden unpredicted and specific events that have the capacity to threaten and immolise a person's life and wellbeing.
Eg, divorce, childbirth, chronic illness and death
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Grief
a cause or occasion of keen distress or sorrow over somethng that is loss.
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Bereavement
The actual process a person goes through following a significant loss.
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Mourning
Culturally and socially determined behaviour and rituals that identify the grieving process
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Nature of dealth
Anticipated death
Sudden death
suicide
homicide
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Responding to grief: Disenfranchised grief
Occurs when people experience a loss that for whatever reason, is not or can not be socially approved, publicly mourned or openly knowledged.
Eg, dealth of a pet, mistress
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Reponding to grief: Dysfunctional grief
where the grieving process appear to exceed the "expected" time or intensity.
- Signs of dysfuncitonal grief:
- *false sense of wellbeing
- *unable to discuss the loss without crying
- *change in relationship with family and freinds
- *depression
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Assessment factor for grieving clients
- *Personal characteristic - age, sex, education, socioeconomic status
- *Nature of relationships-function of family, community, society. what is your relationship? will it change?how long have you known the dying client
- *Social support system- who is present?
- *cultural and spiritual beliefs*loss of personal life goals- what is your goal in life?*hope - tell me what you will do now?*phase of grief- what are you feeling?
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Young adult
- *more active, less illnesses
- *growth completed by age 20
- *Critical thinking habits increase
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Erickson theory
- Adolescent: Identity Vs role confusion
- -develope a sense of own individuality or get confused about what roles to play
- Young adult: Intimacy Vs Isolation
- -youg adult seek love and companionship with another person or becomes isolated from others by fearing rejection or disappointment
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Developmental tasks: Havighurst
- select a mate
- learning to live with partner
- starting a family
- starting an occupation
- rearing children
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general principles of psychosocial changes
- 1. Lifestyle
- 2.career
- 3.sexuality
- 4.single status
- 5.parenthood
- 6.emotional health
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Health risks
- - risk factors
- -family history
- -violets
- -unplanned pregnancy
- -personal hygiene habits
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Health concerns
- -Health promotion
- -exercise
- -routine health screening
- -infertility
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Middle adult
begins mid 30- late 60s
*physical changes may impact self concpt and body image
*cognition changes is rare, unless illness or trauma occurs
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Erikson theory: generativity Vs stagnation
Generativity: performs meaninful work, creative activities, and raises a familily. Fulfilling life or achievement.
- Stagnation: beccomes stagnant and inactive
- Eg: Individual feel disconnected or uninvolved with eh community.
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Havighurst thoery
- -help teenager to develope
- -achieve adult social responsibility
- -relate to one's physical changes
- -adjust to ageing parents
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Pyschosocial changes
- -expected events
- -career transitions
- -sexuality
- -sandwich generation is caring for ageing parents, children and grandchildren.
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Health concerns
- Stress and stress reduction
- related illnesses include:
- -heart attacks
- -hypertension
- -migrain
- -cancers
- -ulcers
- -backaches
- *level of wellness
- *positive health habits
- *psychosocial concerns-anxiety and depression
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ageism
Discrimnation against older adults.
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Role of RN towards older adults
create positve enviroment
be supportive and non-judgementatal
listen, encouragement
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what are the stages of grief according to theory Kubler Ross
- Denial
- Anger
- Barganing
- Depression
- Acceptance
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older adults
Integrity and dispair
- -satisfied with what has been achieved in the past
- -or dispair at goals never been reached and unanswered questions
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