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tissue containing the epidermis:
stratified squamous et
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what two tissues make up the dermis?
dense irregular ct > areolar
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less dense areas of dense irregular ct
lines of cleavage
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stretching and tearing of dermis aka stretch marks
striae
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dermal folds near joints
flexure lines
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caused by decreased elasticity and loss of subcutaneous tissue
wrinkles
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layer of translucent cells, only in thick skin
stratum lucidium (clear layer)
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layer containing all or mostly dead cells
stratum corneum (horny layer)
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dermal layer responsible for fingerprints
papillary layer
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vascular region
dermis (as a whole)
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actively mitotic (dividing) epidermal region, deepest epidermal layer
stratum basale
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cells are flat, dead "bags" of keratin
stratum corneum (horny layer)
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site of elastic and collagen fibers
dermis (as a whole)
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general site of melanin formation
stratum spinosum (prickly layer)
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major skin area where derivatives (hair, nails) reside
epidermis (as a whole)
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largely adipose tissue, anchors skin to underlying tissues
hypodermis
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also known as stratum germinativum
stratum basale
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layer where melanocytes are found
stratum basale
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cell in this layer contains keratinohyalin and lamellated granules
stratum granulosum
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accounts for the bulk of epidermal thickness
stratum corneum
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provides mechanical strength to skin
dermis (as a whole)
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responsible for skin color of dark skin
melanin
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gives an orange cast to skin
carotene
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protects cells from sun damage
melanin
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give pink tint to light skinned persons
hemoglobin
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phagocytized by keratinocytes
melanin
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found in stratum corneum
melanin
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bluish cast of skin; resulting from lack of oxygen
cyanosis
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could be caused by anemia or low blood pressure
pallor
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may indicate liver disease
jaundice
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clotted mass of blood under the skin
hematoma
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result of inflammation, allergy, and fever
erythema
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HOW langerhan's cells and macrophages --> helps to protect the body
biological; part of immune system
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HOW bactericidal secretions-- help protect the body
kills bacteria
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HOW keratin--
waterproofing
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HOW melanin--
protects skin from UV light
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HOW acid mantle--
decreases bacterial growth
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the role of sweat glands in maintaining body temp: & how regulated
as sweat evaporates, body is cooled; regulated by autonomic nervous system
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two major concerns in burn patients? -- how can it lead to death
- major fluid loss leads to dehydration &
- electrolyte imbalance leads to renal shutdown then shock then death
- -- infection where the skin barrier is lost
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full thickness of skin is burned; skin can be gray white, cherry red or charred
3rd degree burn
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only epidermal damage, redness and some pain
1st degree burn
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epidermal and some dermal damage
2nd degree burn
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regeneration impossible; requires some type of skin graft procedure
3rd degree burn
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pain is absent because nerve endings in area are destroyed
3rd degree burn
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rule of nines.... how is it used when treating burn victims?
divides body into 11 areas, each worth 9%... method of estimating fluid loss
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CNCR: cells of stratum spinosum develop lesions; metastasizes to lymph nodes
squamous
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CNCR: cells of lowest level invade dermis and hypodermis; slow to metastasize
basal
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cancer of pigment producing cell; most deadly
melanoma
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