West_Civ_Ch8

• Frankish King - aka Charles the Great
• Christmas Day 800 AD was crowned Emperor by Pope Leo

• Emperor 491-518
• refused to see that the empire was no longer one empire but that the west was it's own empire

• The Italian Governer who was really the Ostrogothic king
• most cultivated, capable, and sophisticated barbarian ruler
• We was a teenage hostage in Constantinople and learned the Roman ways but still knew the Gothic milatary organization
• He did not interfere in religion

During the early Christological controversies, followers of the Alexandrine theologian, arius,who believed that Jesus was not equal to God the Father

• Germanic tribe from along the Danube
• former allies in Justinian's army
• easily overtook Italy after war and disease 
• many Lombards were Arians, but by early 7th century many had accepted the Orthodox Christianity

• Pope who organized resistance to the Lombards
• He fed the population during famine and comforted his people through the plague and warfare
• laid the foundation of the medival papacy

• Frankish king supported by Gallo-Roman aristocrats
• Conquered the Visgothic kingdom of Toulouse

• driven out of Toulouse deeper into Spain
• where they forged a unified kingdom based on roman administrative tradition and Visigothic kingship
• did not tolerate people who were "different"

• wrote "A History of the English Church and People"
• the Greatest scholar of his century
• wrote histories of the English church and people
• wrote about two missionary movements in England
• one led by Augustine (agreed by Bede) and the other by Aidan that represented the Irish traditions that Bede opposed

• Missionary sent to Britian to Christianize it
• sent by Pope Gregory the Great
• Converted the Kingdom of Kent 
• then moved onto Essex

• pagan king of Kent allowed Augustine to preach in his kingdom 
• urged by his wife Bertha, a Christian Frankish princess

Missionary to England that represented Irish traditions

• called an episcopal meeting, or synod.
• To settle which version of Christianity to use...Roman Catholic or the Celtic.
• The Roman Catholic was picked

• Anglo-Saxon woman captured and sold into slavery in Francia, became the wife of Clovis II, king of Neustria and Burgandy....became queen.
• was forced into retirement to the monastery

• dynasty established by Clovis
• named after a legendary ancestor

Farms worked by slaves, serfs and freemen in the Middle Ages

Gallo-Roman bishop and historian

• Anglo-Saxon princess, established and ruled a religious community that included both women and men
• played an active role advising the king and assembled bishops
• the Synod of Whitby took place at her community

• location of Palatine Chapel
• now a German city near the Belgian border

• ruthless, ambitius, and successful
• of the Carolingian family
• molded the Frankish calvary into the most effective military force of the time

battle where Charles Martel defeated a Muslim force that had attempted to continue the northward expansion of Islam

• Charles Martel son
• turned to the pope to give him power (a title)
• was anointed king of the Franks by the pope

Knights sworn to fealty or loyalty to a lord; in return the lord granted the vassal a means of support, or fief

the new stuye of handwriting developed to preserve the texts

The cultural revival of classical learning sponsored by the emperor Charlemagne.  New schools and the copying of manuscripts were among its important achievements.

A meetin of bishops called to debate Church policy, such as that at Whitby in 664, which established the customs of the Roman Church among Angles and Saxons

• son of Charlemagne
• worked to establish Benedictine rule as the norm for moastic life
• also tried to ensure that parish clergy were competent and committed to serving the needs of the people

The records of royal grants and decisions produced by clerics in medieval courts

The written instructions for the implementation of royal disrectives at the local level porduced by the clerics of the Carolingian court

consummate masterpiece...psalm were written with picture portraying the story of the psalm

the successors of Muhammad who served as political and religious leaders of the Islamic world