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Secondary name riddle
- Never-Navicular
- See-Semilunar
- The/Cute-triangular/cuneiform
- Pisiform-pisiform
- G-GLO-greater multangular
- L-GLO-lesser multangular
- O-GLO-os magnum
- Under (water)-unciform
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triquetrun
triangular or cuneiform
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pisiform=
no secondary name
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trapezium=
greater multangular
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trapezoid=
lesser multangular
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What is the smallest carpal bone?
trapezoid
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Which is the largest proximal carpal bone?
scaphoid
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What is the most often displaced carpal bone?
lunate
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What is the largest of the carpal bones?
capitate
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Which is the smallest carpal bone?
pisiform
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Which carpal bone is most often fractured?
scaphoid
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Which carpal bone has a hook-like projection?
hamate (hamulus process)
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What are the 2 most anterior carpal bones?
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Where is the anatomical snuff box located?
scaphoid
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half-moon shaped carpal bone
lunate
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articulates to the the pisiform
triquetrum
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sits on the anterior side of triquetrum and looks like a pea stuck to it
pisiform
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articulates with the base of 1st metacarpal
trapezium
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its rounded head fits into the cresent shape of the lunate
capitate
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the "hook", it projects anteriorly
hamate
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The 1st metacarpal contains _________ on its _________ side below the neck.
- small sesamoid bones
- palmar
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A________ is often seen on the 2nd metacarpal.
single sesamoid
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What is formed by the concave surface of the carpal bones?
Carpal canal
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What projection is used to best demonstrate the carpal canal?
Tangential-CR barely skims the part to decrease superimposition
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What is best visualized in the tangential projection?
- Anterior pisiform
- hamulus of hamate
- (carpal canal)
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Is the radius on the lateral or medial side of the forearm?
Lateral
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Where are the styloid processes located on the radius and ulna?
The distal ends
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The radius contains the __________ notch
Ulnar
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What end is the head of the radius located?
Proximal end
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Which bone is shorter, the radius or ulna?
Radius
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The radius is directly envolved in which joint? And the ulna?
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Where is the head of the ulna located?
Distally, near the wrist joint
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on the proximal ulna, what are the two beak-like processes called?
Olecranon and coronoid
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On the proximal ulna, what is the large concave notch that articulates to the distal humerus called?
Trochlear notch (semilunar notch)
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What is significant about the lateral side of the proximal ulna?
This is where the radial notch lies
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what is the expanded distal end of the humerus?
Humeral condyle
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What is the humeral condyle divided into?
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What is the depressed center portion of the distal humerus?
Trochlear sulcus or groove
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Are epicondyles located on the proximal or distal humerus?
Distal
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The lateral condyle is superior to the _____________.
Capitulum (LC-Lincoln county)
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The medial condyle is the _____and is superior to the __________.
- Larger condyle
- Trochlea(MT-my truck)
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When in a true lateral position, the epicondyles are.....
Directly superimposed
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What are the three depressions on the humerus? List if located posteriorly or anteriorly.
- Coronoid fossa-anterior
- radial fossa- anterior
- olecranon fossa- posterior
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The coronoid fossa is on which side?
Medial or trochlea side
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The radial fossa is located which at side?
Lateral or capitulum side
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The fat pads associated with the distal humerus are located over the _______
- Fossas:
- olecranon fossa
- radial fosa
- coronoid fossa
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The largest fat pad lies over the ________ fossa.
Olecranon
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The smallest fat pad lies over the _________ fossa.
Radial fossa
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Fat pads must:
- Elbow must be flexed 90 degrees
- Elbow must be in a true lateral
- must use optimum exposure techniques
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What is the classification of the hand, wrist, forearm, and the elbow joints?
Synovial (articular capsule contains synovial fluid)
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What is the mobility type of upper extremity?
Diathrodial(freely movable)
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What is the movement type of interphalangeal joints?
Ginglymus/hinge
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What is the movement type of the MCP joints?
Ellipsoidal/condyloid
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What is the movement type of CM joints (1st digit)?
Sellar/saddle
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What is the movement type of the intercarpal joints?
Plane/ gliding
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What is the movement type of the CM joints (2nd-5th digits)?
Plane/gliding
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What is the movement type of the radiocarpal joint(wrist)?
Ellipsoidal/ condyloid
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What is the movement type of the radioulnar joints?
Trochoidal/pivot
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What is the movement type of the elbow joint?
Ginglymus/hinge
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Exposure factors for upper extremity: _______ to ______ kVp. __________ exposure time. _________ focal spot sizes. ________ mAs for ________________.
- 50-70(lower to medium)
- short exposure time
- Small focal spot (increases recorded detail)
- Adequate mAs for sufficent density
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correctly exposed images of the upper limbs should demonstrate ___________ (for______________) and ____________.
- Soft-tissue markings (for fat pad visualization)
- fine bony markings
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Always place the long axis of the part _________ to the long axis of the IR.
Parallel
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Alternative modalities:
- CT and MRI
- Arthrology
- Nuclear Medicine
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When does a radiologist inject an oily fluid (contrast) into a joint then X-rays it?
Arthrology
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Osteomalitus-
Infection of the bone (eats it away)
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A minimum of _______ projections are used for long bones
- Two
- making sure to use proximal and distal articulations
- AP or PA and lateral
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A minimum of _________ projections is done in areas of joints.
- Three
- AP, lateral, and one oblique
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